The Negative Effects of Steriods - 799 Words

Steroids Many people use steroids from athletes and body builders to just every day ordinary people trying to gain muscle. These users think they get a really big gain on other people, but do they really? Are all these steroids risky to take? Can you die or be in danger of being sick or seriously injured? Many of these users may use large doses to get ahead of others by gaining more muscle quicker. Overall has the overuse of these substances been the problem all along for the users? Steroids are known to have many negative effects on the body. The body has over 50 major hormones. One hormone group is anabolic steroids effect muscle growth and a male or females characteristics; this hormone is produced naturally; the hormones in the body helps the body gain protein. (1c: SV; SV; SV.) One of the major hormones in a male also is found in females is called testosterone. Testosterone causes maturing in the males reproductive system in puberty the male user grows more body hair, deeper voice, muscle growth and could make a user more aggressive. Steroids improve endurance, strength, muscle mass, but it hasn’t shown that it improves skill, agility, or athletic performance. Athletes take steroids for the testosterone effects. Steroids that you could find at a food store or gyms are now illegal and now require a prescription to have. Schmuck 2 Athletes are taking these steroids for a positive look on their body and how they play not taking any negative effects in considerationShow MoreRelatedSelf Esteem And Body Image Problems1491 Words   |  6 Pageshormone produced by your body is testosterone. Testosterone has two main effects on your body: Anabolic effects promote muscle building. Androgenic effects are responsible for male traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice. TEENAGE STERIOD USE ON THE RISE 8 Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle tissue to grow and bulk up in response to training by mimicking the effect of naturally produced testosterone on the body. Steroids have becomeRead MoreShould Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Legal in Sports? 551 Words   |  2 Pagesto increse the bodys ability to utlize protein, it allows athlete to train harder and anabolic steroids are anti-inflammatories and have a effect on repairing injuries. Its not wrong to cheat, if you are cheating for a good reason. Many athelete take steroids in order to do better in the field. In the article What you really need to know about anabolic steriods states that, Anabolic steroids allows athelete to train harder. Many people get tired after training for few hours but taking sterioidsRead MoreTaking a Look at Endometriosis733 Words   |  3 Pages Endometriosis is a common disease that effects more than five million women in the United States per year. Any woman within childbearing age is at risk for this disease, but it is more common in women in their 30s and 40s. There are a number of theories that suggest the cause of the disease, but none of the theories have been proven. With no certainty on what causes the disease, there is also no cure for it however the symptoms of the disease can be treated.[1] Endometriosis derives it name fromRead MoreAU PSY350 M5 A1 Rodriguez A Essay2073 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ LASA 2: Effects of Stress Angie Rodriguez Physiological Psychology | PSY350 A03 Faculty:   Courtney  McKinney November 3, 2014 Abstract As stress we all know is a normal physical response to events that give us the feeling of threatned or a unbalance in the mind. Whether, it is danger we fear or if it is real living events the way the body reacts to stress it automatically high gears in a fast, way that it process what we recall as â€Å"fight-or-fight† the way reaction is towards stressRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned in Professional Sports2737 Words   |  11 Pages(Tolliver par. 15). The NCAA banned the use of steroids as far back as 1973. Since the NCAA began testing in 1986, the percentage of users has dropped significantly (Adams 24). Taking steroids or performance enhancing drugs, does not only have a negative affect on the body, but they also is terrible for an athletes reputation, when they get caught (â€Å"Steroids† par. 2). Many people find that the use of any substance to make athletes perform better, and look better than everybody else, is a bad lookRead MoreThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus Episdermidis7962 Words   |  32 PagesThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya (Carica) Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan Researcher S.Y. 2010-2011 The Antibacterial Effect of Papaya (Carica) Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis A thesis Presented to the Faculty and staff of the Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School M.P. Posadas Ave., San Carlos City

The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland Free Essays

Lecturer: Aisling O’Gorman Waste Process Management Lecturer: Aisling O’Gorman Waste Process Management 08 Fall 08 Fall Submission Date: 11/10/2012 Word Count: 2387 Submission Date: 11/10/2012 Word Count: 2387 The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland: Maria McShane The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland: Maria McShane Introduction Based on the evaluation of various reports, papers, documents, regulations and legislation from numerous agencies, departments, directives and bodies it can be seen that although â€Å"on paper† major changes have been made so as to improve the quality of water in Ireland, realistically the amendments do not match up. This being that progress has been slow and minimal when compared to the reform of regulations and legislation and the introduction of the Water Framework Directive. Considering the key importance of water as a natural resource both to society and habitats alike it will be argued that although the intention is there to improve the quality of water in Ireland (and there have been some improvements) as an overall, actual major physical improvements to the water quality has yet to be seen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland or any similar topic only for you Order Now Report Firstly the Water Framework Directive will be examined to highlight its purpose, current status and goals for the future and how it fits into impacting Irelands water quality. The WFD was set up by the EU â€Å"in response to the increasing threat of pollution and the increasing demand from the public for cleaner rivers, lakes and beaches† (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. tml[Accessed on 08/10/12]). According to the Water Framework Directives’ website, their aims are to â€Å"protect/enhance all waters (surface, ground and coastal waters), achieve â€Å"good status† for all waters by December 2015, manage water bodies based on river basins (or catchments), involve the public and streamline legislation†1 (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12]). In order to achieve these goals a timetable for implementation of the directive was created, starting from its transposition into Irish Legislation by the European Communities (Water Policy) Regulations 2003, (Statutory Instrument 722) on 22nd December 2003 (European Communities (Water Policy) Regulations 2003, (Statutory Instrument 722). (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12]). From the 22nd December 2003 to the 22nd June 2009 no Programmes of Measures were actually implemented in order to beneficially impact Irelands water quality by the WFD. Instead the WFD established (June 2004) and characterised (December 2004) Irelands River Basin Districts, submitted a National Summary Report on the characterisation of the RBDs to the European Commission (March 2005), developed classification systems for surface water and groundwater (June 2006), established and maintained appropriate Monitoring Programmes (June 2006), prepared and published a work programme and timetable for the production of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) (June 2006), identified the significant water management issues in each river basin (June 2007), drafted RBMPs and allowed six months for written comment (June 2008), and finally established environmental objectives and final Programmes of Measures and developed RBMPs for implementation (June 2009), (Water Framework Directive, [2005]). Although this research and reporting is a vital function of improving Irelands water quality, the timeframe in which this has been done means that physical progress has been h indered. The actual recovery progress made to Irelands water quality can be seen in various Environmental Protection Agency reports. According to the EPA’s Water Quality in Ireland Report of 2007-2009, between 1987 and 1990, 77. 3, 12. 0, 9. 7 and 0. % surveyed river channel length were unpolluted, slightly polluted, moderately polluted and seriously polluted respectively. By the 2001-2003 report the percentage of unpolluted rivers had dropped from 77. 3% to 69. 3% which is significant, in addition to this the percentage surveyed of seriously polluted rivers had risen from 0. 4% to 0. 6%, slight and moderate pollution had also risen by 5. 9 and 2. 6 percent respectively. By the 2007-2009 report the percentage of surveyed river that remained unpolluted had dropped again to 68. 9%, slight pollution had also risen to 20. 7%. Fortunately moderate and seriously polluted waters had seen a drop from 12. 3 and 0. 6 to 10. 0 and 0. 4 percent respectively (M. McGarrigle et al. [2009). Considering that the water quality of rivers for the 2001-2003 recording period was healthier than the 2007-2009 recording period, even though the 2001-2003 period coincides with the implementation of the WFD, highlights that for a period of six years that the WFD was in effect Irelands river water quality declined. This corroborates to the argument that yes the WFD has carried out reports, monitoring programs and drafted plans all well and good, but without any actual meaningful actions taken, what good is the WFD at all? This is not to say that the WFD has not done anything positive, for example since its introduction â€Å"the percentage of channel surveyed classified as seriously polluted has decreased to 0. 4 percent compared with the previous period when 0. 5 percent was seriously polluted† (M. McGarrigle et al. [2009]). It cannot be stressed enough that in order to improve the quality of water in Ireland research and reporting is fundamental, however the point being made is that pencil pushing and fiddling around writing reports and documents will not recuperate Irelands water systems. Six years is a very long timeframe for an EU commissioned directive to take no feasible action other than talk about and plan what it’s going to do and then expect to reach its target of returning all waters to â€Å"good status† by December 2015. To emphasise the case that without acting and merely focusing on the bureaucratic side of things the WFD has impeded its own progress, citing’s from the South Western River Basin Management Plan (2009-2015) report will be looked at. It states, â€Å"municipal wastewater discharge is one of the two most important sources of pollution in Irish rivers, accounting for 38% of the number of polluted river sites recorded (the other source being agricultural activities)† (South Western River Basin District [2010]). This is not new news, this has been known for quite some time and â€Å"the two top sectors responsible for the pollution of Irish rivers are municipal and agriculture† has even been quoted in the 1991-1993 EPA water quality in Ireland report. To add to this the Nitrates Directive was set up in 1991 for the â€Å"protection of waters against pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. nviron. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). This directive actually implemented legislation that â€Å"required the avoidance of practices by farmers which create a risk of causing pollution to water courses and provide for inspections by local authorities. They also provided for strengthened enforcement provisions and for better farmyard management. They included provisions relating to times of the year, weather and soil conditions when the application of fertilisers is permitted, the minimum setback distances from water sources for the application of fertilisers and minimum storage capacity for manures†. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). Why then is the SWRBD reporting that agriculture is the second biggest cause of pollution to Irish rivers, number one when this has long been known and number two when measures have already been put in place a long time ago to address this problem? To add to this they also quoted â€Å"The main objective i n relation to wastewater is to meet the requirements of the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations (2001-2010) in full† (South Western River Basin District [2010]). Not to be crude, but are they for real? This is common sense, these regulations have been in place since 2001, and yes they would have been modified over the years but how in 2010 when this report came out can meeting these regulations still be just an objective? To highlight further the WFDs failure to have a significant positive impact on the quality of Irish water a recent EPA report on the assessment of aquatic ecosystem responses to POM’s intended to improve water quality in Ireland was released. According to this report, â€Å"results presented suggest that many existing POMs have proven or are proving ineffective in raising BWQ (biological water quality) and restoring ecological functioning† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). An example of this can be seen in the â€Å"strategic replacement of 10% of septic tank systems in part of the Blackwater catchment in CO. Armagh† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). The report showed that overall, prior and subsequent to the replacement of the septic tank systems phosphorous loads remained largely the same. In conjunction with this result, â€Å"in other parts of the Blackwater, the replacement and upgrading of septic tank systems had no significant phosphorous concentration effects, despite the implementation of additional POMs aimed at reducing phosphorous inputs from point and diffuse sources† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). The report goes on to say that some of the â€Å"potential reasons why the implementation of POMs have had limited success include the delayed, incomplete or uneven application of measures† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). This only solidifies the argument that the WFD spent too much time thinking about what to do, and then what measures they did put in place, for the most part either took too long to do so or did not implement the measure properly in order to meet their 2015 deadline. Which follows now onto a report that was released in July 2010 on behalf of the WFD entitled â€Å"Final River Basin Management Plans Background Documentation, Alternative Objectives: Approach to Extended Deadlines†, its main purpose, to focus on certain cases that require an extension past the 2015 deadline (kind of defeats the purpose of the WFD if they are admitting defeat five years before the deadline). Under section 4. 0 ‘Agriculture’ of this report, one of the cases for exclusion is nitrate losses from agriculture to groundwaters. The reason for this, â€Å"Scientific data indicates status recovery extends beyond 2015. â€Å"Recovery of elevated nitrate levels in groundwater bodies is expecte d to take place in approximately 20 years even with full implementation of the Good Agricultural Practice regulations (Fenton et al, in press). So yes, while it is known that the natural recovery of a water system takes substantial time, with technology today could the WFD not invest in developing nitrate removal techniques such as, layered double hydroxides which â€Å"are of interest because of the potential to use LDHs to remove agrochemicals from polluted water, reducing the likelihood of eutrophication† (Wikipedia. org, Layered Double Hydroxins. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Layered_double_hydroxides [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). Another case looked at in this report is wastewater discharges from some treatment plants. The reason for the exemption, a technical/practical constraint, it states â€Å"The time required to plan and design upgrades to treatment plants and to achieve approvals and licensing means it is not technically possible to achieve good status in 2015,† the action applied is to leave â€Å"Local Authorities to upgrade plants through the Water Services Investment Programme† meaning that funding is one of the reasons that there will be a delay in the overhaul of wastewater treatment plants in Ireland. Unsurprisingly, according to the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government website â€Å"with the changed economic climate and the finalisation of the first cycle of River Basin Management Plans, the new programme aims to prioritise projects that target environmental compliance issues† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, Water Services Investment Programme. online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/ WaterServices/WaterServicesInvestmentProgramme/ [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). This here shown lack of initiative by the Government and the WFD by not investing in technology that can help recover Irish waters allows the development of this last argument. In a very recent position paper entitled â€Å"Reform of the Water Sector in Ireland† carried out by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government it was highlighted that â€Å"water services cost over â‚ ¬1. 2 billion to run in 2010, of which operational costs amounted to some â‚ ¬715 million, with capital expenditure of over â‚ ¬500 million†. The paper goes on to tell of the impending establishment of the state company ‘Irish Water’ â€Å"that will take over the water investment and maintenance programmes of the 34 county and city councils with the key aim of supervising and accelerating the pace of delivery of planned investments needed to upgrade the State’s water and sewerage networks† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). This state company intends on funding its investments and programmes via water charges paid for by Irish householders. Despite the fact that Ireland is in a recession and its people are struggling as it is financially, the fact remains that Ireland is the only country in the OECD that does not pay for its water use (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). It states, â€Å"Our capacity to fund the future capital investment requirements from the exchequer is severally constrained. The Government’s plan for Infrastructure and Capital Investment 2012-16 shows a decline in exchequer capital investment in water and waste water services from â‚ ¬435 million in 2011 to â‚ ¬371 million in 2012 and a further decline to â‚ ¬296 million by 2014† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). This is one of the reasons why Irish Water is a good idea as it will actually fund the necessary wastewater treatment plant changes that need to be done in order to tackle some of Irelands water pollution issues while also effectively reducing the amount of treated potable water wasted everyday by Irish households. So to sum up, yes, introducing the WFD has had a positive impact as it has lead to developments in implementations that will help to recover the quality of Irelands waters, however the main argument being made in this paper is that they failed on several points. Firstly they spent too much time on the bureaucratic side of things, six years to be exact figuring out what the problems were and where, when a lot of them were obvious, had been known about and reported on several years previously and many had already been addressed. Secondly, a lot of POMs that were implemented were done so either to late or not properly, meaning that a lot of them have not lead to any significant positive changes. Finally where the WFD failed was a lack of investment into developing technologies that might help accelerate the return of Irish waters to their natural state, and a huge time lag into implementing water charges so as to invest into Irelands infrastructure regarding wastewater treatment. Overall time here is what has been wasted, as for every day that no action is taken is another day when Irelands water and habitats suffer. Nature does not and can not wait for the pencil pushers. References 1. The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12] 2. Water Framework Directive, [2005]. The Characterisation and Analysis of Ireland’s River Basin Districts, National Summary Report. Ireland 3. Environmental Protection Agency, M. McGarrigle et al. [2009]. Water Quality in Ireland. Ireland 4. South Western River Basin District, [2010] South Western River Basin Management Plan. Ireland 5. Environmental Protection Agency, [1993] Water Quality in Ireland. Ireland 6. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). 7. Environmental Protection Agency, D. Taylor et al. [2012] Water Quality and the Aquatic Environment STRIVE Report 91. Ireland 8. Lag Time: A Methodology For The Estimation Of Vertical, Horizontal Travel Flushing Timescales To Nitrate Threshold Concentrations In Irish Aquifers Fenton et al under review 9. Wikipedia. org, Layered Double Hydroxins. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Layered_double_hydroxides [Accessed on 08/10/2012]. 10. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, Water Services Investment Programme. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterServices/WaterServicesInvestmentProgramme/ [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). 11. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012] Reform of the Water Sector in Ireland. Ireland How to cite The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland, Papers

Wuthering Heights free essay sample

The story of Wuthering Heights provides us with the idea of class ambiguity through a selection of characters that do not belong to one specific social class and whose status changes throughout the novel, which is contrary to the main idea that in Victorian England a person was born into one social class and usually stayed there for the rest of their lives. The main example of the changing social class in the novel is Heathcliff. Heathcliff was born a poor orphan but his social class improved when he was taken into Earnshaw’s family. However, he is frequently shunned because of his poor roots and his lack of background. He is then degraded by Hindley after Earnshaw’s death when he is forced to become a common labourer but he once again raises his social standing when he returns years later as a wealthy gentleman. His social position is responsible for many of Catherine Earnshaw’s decisions which influence their lives and the lives of those around them and ultimately become their destruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After Catherine’s stay at Thrushcross Grange during which she experiences a higher class of life, she desires the importance, security and status that comes with that life. This can be seen in her reasons for loving Edgar, one of which is ‘And he will be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband’. Due to Heathchliff’s social status at that time, Cathy would not even consider marrying him: ‘If the wicked man had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn’t have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff, now ’ Hareton and Cathy Linton are also characters who are affected by Heathcliff and social class. Hareton was born into the middle class, being an Earnshaw and the heir to Wuthering Heights; however, he loses this status and becomes a labourer with no education due to Heathcliff’s treatment of him and his securing of the property prior to Hindley’s death. Cathy Earnshaw is also born into a upper class life at Thrushcross Grange, constantly having attention and always getting the things that she wants. She is then transformed into a servant due to Heathcliff’s trickery in obtaining her rightful fortune by securing the marriage between his dying on Linton and her when Cathy’s father Edgar is also dying. Heathcliff’s death provides relief for both of them as it signifies that Hareton becomes the owner of Wuthering Heights and Cathy gets back her home, Thrushcross Grange. Cathy Linton also demonstrates the relationship between the classes through her treatment of Hareton when they first meet. Once she finds out that he is a servant she is very quick to judge and act the ‘lady’: ‘But Ellen,’ cried she, staring, fixed in astonishment. ‘‘How dare he speak so to me? Mustn’t he be made to do as I ask him? You wicked creature, I shall tell papa what you said- Now then! ’’ and ‘‘Papa is gone to fetch my cousin from London-my cousin is a gentleman’s son-That my-’ she stopped, and wept outright; upset at the bare notion of relationship with such a clown’. Emily Bronte also uses Mr Lockwood as a symbol of social class in the Victorian era. He represents the upper class and the way he behave and acts lets us distinguish the higher social classes from the upper and lower classes in the country. We are made to stereotype that class through Mr Lockwood: dining at five, thinking very logically and without much imagination (‘and wondered how any one could ever imagine unquiet slumbers for the sleepers in that quiet earth’) and having a very high self-importance (‘I knew, through experience, that I was tolerably attractive’). In Wuthering Heights, social class and the uncertainty of which class many of the characters belong to is used to develop the plot of the story. The main example of this is Heathcliff’s struggle with social class, which causes much of the turmoil for the other characters in the book.

Representing Beauty Musically in 1600

Introduction Music has evolved over the centuries with a progression from elementary works of art to the complicated and more entertaining compositions of the present age. Music has been used for various purposes leading to the development of the numerous genres. Traditionally, love and romance were common themes in most works of art. Alongside them, the theme of beauty has evolved in a significant manner.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Representing Beauty Musically in 1600 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An essential period in the history of music is the 1600 where there was a transformation in Europe from the period of the renaissance to the Baroque era. The transformation was in all avenues of life including music. This period is presented in the change of composition between the two periods. Famous composers, performers, and musicians lived in this age. They are celebrated over the centuries. Among the m are famous composers such as George Frideric Handel, Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Claudio Monteverdi. They made changes in musical techniques, instrumentation, and themes. Moreover, opera emerged as a genre during this period of history. With it came the theme of beauty represented in the dressing and musical compositions presented therein. The essay focuses on the changes taking place in the era of 1600, their significance in music, and the presentation of beauty in the music composed and played during this time. Changes in the 1600s The seventeenth century was part of the renaissance age, which was characterized as the reclamation of culture with a progression in art, music, literature, science, and education (Mendelssohn 1956, 24). It stands out as a period that saw changes in music in terms of sound and composition with English composers breaking off from the tradition of dissonance that was the essence of music on the European continent at that time to more uni form lines that encouraged sonority above everything. These changes in music composition brought up a new style, the English style, whose leading composer John Dunstable and his contemporaries used a technique called faburden (Walton 1988, 24). Other proficiencies such â€Å"as taking the chant melody and putting it in the superiors† (Mendelssohn 1956, 25) were also employed.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These changes in English music composition were a source of inspiration to composers all over Europe to raise their music to the next level of its development. It was during this period that â€Å"music in particular was thought of as an expressive art to move the emotions and sway the senses† (Walton 1988, 24) bringing with it the senses of humanism. In his motet ‘O Rosa Bella’, Johannes Ciconia shows the humanistic approach to music, which mad e it elicit an emotional response besides appealing to the senses based on the sweet fragrance of a rose combined with its beauty. It stands out as a song that inspired many composers to set poetry into music without excluding the famous John Dunstable. The end of the renaissance period saw the birth of several song genres including the Parisian chanson and the Italian madrigal, an all-voice piece, which sounded every phrase of music for one line of text, which had become famous by the late 1590s thus extending into the Baroque period (Krausz 1993, 54). The term madrigal was in general a reference to a range of â€Å"poetical types including the sonnet, balata, canzone, or poems that were meant to be specifically composed as madrigals† (Mendelssohn 1956, 24). The late 1590s and early 1600s also saw the emergence of a new vocal technique in Italy, the Bel Canto, which means beautiful singing. Italian singers used this florid style of singing in art songs and operas. It was dev eloped in the search for divine vocal beauty. It was based on the Idea of ease, purity, evenness of tone production, and a skilled use of voice. This search led to the development of the opera, the first opera being the Euridice (Krausz 1993, 54). Operas Gesualdo’s madrigal is a marvellous example of representation of beauty in any piece of work in this period. Gesualdo used descriptive music to express the theme of beauty for a woman during his time (Schulenberg 2001, 23). He tried to bring out this theme alongside the theme of romance in his expression of love for the newfound love. He achieved this by his choice of words in the composition. An opera is a class of prowess that was considered possibly the most complicated and beautiful, as it â€Å"combined singing, orchestral music, acting, costumes, and scenery and dancing† (Slonimsky 1965, 74). It uses the enormous capacity of music to communicate feeling since music is believed to convey feelings more profoundly t han verbal lyrics.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Representing Beauty Musically in 1600 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Operas skilfully show how vocal and orchestral music can induce happiness, cause an individual to think ,or move one into sadness, a concept that makes it a more beautiful form of music. The initial operas such as those performed by the camerata consisted of Greek tragedies and Roman mythologies (Robinson 1998, 34). They were known as opera in musica. Opera was declared an artistic form during the Baroque period in 1600-1750. The music during this period was characteristically elaborate and emotional (Slonimsky, 1965, p.74). This was a period known for its love for magnificence and splendour, as expressed in their music. In the 1600s, the operas were performed such that the characters were able to convey their emotions and sentiments besides flaunting their vocal prowess, which was not o nly a beautiful but also a moving feat. This vocal artistry flourished in the 1600s. Claudio Monteverdi’s first opera masterpiece, Orofeo, made Venice the centre of the opera in the 1600s. It was a forerunner of greater works to come. How was beauty represented in the music? Beauty in the Music The 17th century represents the last year of the renaissance period and one of the centuries with some of the greatest musicians to ever walk the earth. The 1600 also marks the beginning of the Baroque Era. Beauty in the 1600 was adequately presented in music by the various artists of the era. Various writers have referred the music in this era as classical and one that is full of emotional intrigues (Raffman 1993, 76). In presenting emotions and feelings, the opera music was successful in presenting love and resentment. However, beauty also emerged as a popular theme for musicians in operas and concerts. In his article, Mendelssohn states that music in this century had a common theme of beauty that effectively represented the then field of music. Opera music in this era was not just meant to represent beauty but also to evoke the feeling of beauty. In his book, Kendall Walton (1988) argues that music should evoke feelings beyond the anticipated effect, which include the feeling of beauty. Beauty is also a common theme in most works of art in this century, and is usually used to express emotion (Levingson 1990, c).Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although beauty is presented in the wording of the musical pieces done in this era, the performances in the operas were also a show of beauty. The Baroque era featured the use of ‘Basso Continuo’ that was an instrumental piece accompanying the music though independent of it but often requiring a chordal instrument. This stood as an effective way of presenting beauty in complexity that resulted therein, as it allowed flexibility in the music. An example of a famous composer during this time is Handel. He was born in an age where people began to attach attention to proper behavior and physical appearance (Levinson 1990, 53). The rich used clothing to make them beautiful by attaching gold and silver to their clothing and coats to display their wealth. Embroidered waistcoats were worn when slightly open. This would reveal their shirts made of sheer linen and expensive ruffles. Wigs were worn on the heads of fashionable men, a case that was closely defined in the music made at this time. Most o the musicians including Handel and Gesualdo were drawn in this types of attire, and their music was consistent with it. Perruquiers were specialists who looked after these wigs, as they were precious to their owners (Shusterman 2000, 98). In Handel’s music, â€Å"a remarkable ointment for the scalp and hair called Pomatum were used to keep the wigs curly† (Slonimsky 1965, 77). It is also in the music that one learns that thieves would steal the wigs from these famous men, as it would fetch a lot of money in the black market. Women in the songs were even outlandish than men, and were defined as having a high hair that towered above their heads. This made them appear taller in relation to men. In the music, taller and slim women with tiny waists were considered attractive with suitors going after them. On their head was â€Å"a head cushion with large curls on each side, which was meant to give a decoration to the head as a hairstyle base† (Bo wman 2005, 34). Hoops were more common in this age. Women wore them under their skirts to make them appear larger below the waist. The skirts would bulge out below the knee to make the umbrella appearance. All these were the definition of beauty at this age, and a fair deal of music in operas was performed in these attires. The bulk of people who went to operas would enjoy the beauty of music and the outlandish clothing worn in them. Although this was considered beautiful, it would be regarded otherwise in the present day era. Most of the women skirts would take up more space along the sidewalk. Behind them would be a long train of the dress, which would make the current-day streets hard to walk on. Despite the above shortcomings, the representation of beauty in music in the 1600s was effectively done. This was a departure from the current-day operas and musical pieces. However, the makeup worn in the present era also finds a place in the 1600 operas (Bowman 2005, 34). Women would p refer pale skin, as it was beautiful to them. Men also preferred women with pale skin. Handel described most of the beautiful women as having a pale skin. To achieve this, he described white lead as the ornament of choice. Lips would be covered with a colored plaster or red leather with a black lead covering the eyebrows if they had not been replaced with synthetic ones. In most of the 1600 music and operas, people with patches on the face covering smallpox scars or at times expressing political opinions rather than beauty frequently wore false teeth. A distinctive accent was also common among women. This was because of the cork balls they put in the mouth to make their cheeks appear rounder and bigger (Bowman 2005, 35). In one of the operas, wealthy â€Å"women would carry a case full of scent bottles with the rest carrying purses of their favorite scents† (Bowman 2005, 34). These, as they appeared in the musical pieces, would mask the smells that people had out of not showe ring. Music in this era was therefore an effective tool to represent beauty. The composers were adroit at the presentation. Conclusion In conclusion, 1600 was a momentous period in the development of music. The use of creative art to present the theme of beauty was evident in the music alongside other works of art. George Frideric Handel used his musical compositions to bring out this theme in an effective way. The descriptions of beautiful women and heir suitors are evident in the operas at this age as seen above with the description of most linen and ornaments worn. Another significant work presenting the theme of beauty was Gesualdo’s madrigal, which described the women he encountered besides his love life. In summary, the period under scrutiny can be described as the period that saw the dawn of beauty that is evident in virtually all classes of music today. References Bowman, Wayne. Five essay reviews of Gender and Aesthetics: An Introduction by Carolyn Korsmeyer. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education. New York: Routledge, 2005. Krausz, Michael. The Interpretation of Music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Levinson, Jerrold. Music, Art, and Metaphysics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990. Mendelssohn, Felix. Letter to Marc-Andre Souchay. In S. Morgenstern (ed.), Composeys on Music: An Antholofly of Composeys’ Wyitinflsfyom Palestha to Copland. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Raffman, Derrick. Lanpafle, Music, and Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993. Robinson, Jenefer. The Expression and Arousal of Emotion in Music. In P. Alperson (ed.), Musical Worlds: New Directions in the Philosophy of Music. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998. Schulenberg, David. Music of the Baroque: An Anthology of Scores. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Shusterman, Richard. Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking. Art. 2nd edn. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. Slonimsky, Nicholas . Lexicon of Musical Invective: Critical Assaults on Composers since Beethoven’s Time. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1965. Walton, K. (1988). â€Å"What is Abstract About the Art of Music?.† Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 46, no. 1 (1988): 351-64. This term paper on Representing Beauty Musically in 1600 was written and submitted by user Kayden Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay Bibliography

Sample Essay BibliographySample essay bibliography may have more similarities to a full bibliography but these days a sample bibliography may also include some sample essays. To start off the right way, it is important to understand what are sample essays and what they do? The answer is, they act as background for the main essay.The samples are works of writing you can use in writing your own essay. Most samples are short stories, which can give a better insight of the topics of your essay. In addition, if you are trying to write a research paper, then the samples can help you. This also helps you get familiar with the terminology and the content of the essay.If you are in college or university, there is no time to waste while you prepare your writing portfolio. You need to get good grades, so this is also a good practice for your writing career. Students often throw out their idea and ask an essay writer to write one for them. To ensure that the task gets done efficiently, you need to create a sample essay.Many college students feel anxious and tired when they read their essays to their professor or college counselor. Many students also worry that the essay needs much editing and some editing may make the essay less strong and reliable. But when the essay has good grammar and the subject is well chosen, the editor will not have a difficult time in ensuring that the essay is checked for errors.When you start on your career as an essay writer, you should always create a bibliography for yourself. You can go online and search the information about writing a bibliography and then decide on the size and content of your bibliography. This is important as the bibliography is your thesis statement.The bibliography must contain adequate information about the subject. However, the bibliography should also provide an insight into the theme of the article.The major goal of the bibliography is to give enough background information. But sometimes, the bibliography is not us ed by the student. Often, the student just copies and pastes the bibliography in his or her essay without knowing the importance of having one. So always keep a sample bibliography in your word processor and in your phone book.It is always best to create your bibliography during the writing phase. Sometimes, students might be reluctant to do this and it may also confuse the subject matter. There are many online resources available to get the sample bibliography. They also allow you to get an idea on how much information you need to include.

Essay on Abstinence Teen Sexual Activity

Essay on Abstinence Teen Sexual Activity Essay on Abstinence: Teen Sexual Activity Killing Abstinence In Killing Abstinence by Robert Rector Robert Abstinence programs are questioned. Robert states that the media had recently stated that Abstinence programs had dramatically reduced teen sexual activity, and this surprised many people. According to Robert anyone who was at all knowledgably wouldn’t have been surprised by this fact at all. Robert also talks about the positive effects being abstinent can have on teens, besides the obvious lack of STDS or ability to become pregnant. Some of the other many benefits Robert talks about include happiness, better grades, and that teens are more academically inclined. According to Robert this is simply because teens who choose to be abstinent are â€Å"somewhat smarter and more mature, and have greater self-control†. Robert also mentions that sex is an â€Å"overpowering psychological that can cause youth to loose future orientation and work focus.† Robert believes that the main problem behind teen pregnancy is the progra ms that have replaced abstinence programs today. Where abstinence programs warned teens about the dangers of sex, the Sex Ed programs that remain are sub-par. Robert says that the curriculum in these sex ed courses shows students that society expects and accepts teen sexual activity and he thinks the abstinence programs worked better to protect teens. However, Sex Ed programs today do not promote sexual activity, and they are a very effective way of helping teens. Sex Ed programs are more effective than abstinence programs By telling teens not to have sex it only makes them want to do it more. Abstinence programs scare teens into thinking they are doing something ‘bad’ if they have sex. Human sexuality is a wonderful thing and we shouldn’t place negative connotations in our teen’s minds. Hormones are at a peak during the teenage years. Teen’s bodies are telling them to have sex, and we shouldn’t make them feel bad about it. Teenage desire to explore sexuality, combined with a desire to rebel doesn’t match up to abstinence programs. Sex programs do not ‘accept and promote’ but they instead protect. For example, Sex Ed programs focus

How to Make Homemade Liquid Nitrogen

How to Make Homemade Liquid Nitrogen You can make your own homemade liquid nitrogen using readily available materials. Its not really liquid nitrogen, however, but cryogenic-temperature alcohol. Chilled alcohol can be used for many liquid nitrogen projects, such as freezing flowers or other materials. It is not suitable for ice cream or anything edible. Also, although this poor mans liquid nitrogen is very cold, it doesnt vaporize off your skin like true liquid nitrogen, meaning it can give you frostbite very easily. Avoid skin contact and use all the safety precautions you would use with nitrogen. Homemade Liquid Nitrogen Materials dry ice99% rubbing alcohol or methanol (lower percentage will work but youll get a gelatinous cryo-fluid)plastic container (dont use glass because extreme temperature changes may cause it to shatter) Prepare the Homemade Liquid Nitrogen Youve got two ways to do this. Pour the alcohol into a plastic container and nest this container inside a bucket of dry ice.Alternatively, you can pour the alcohol directly over the dry ice. This is easier, but you wont have control over the temperature of the dry ice, so its possible your alcohol will freeze. Use the homemade liquid nitrogen simulant to super-cool science projects or chill materials. If you dont use all of the liquid at one time, you can store it in the freezer or an insulated cooler to help it last longer. If the alcohol warms up, you can re-chill it using more dry ice. After the project is completed, the rubbing alcohol will remain useful for its normal purpose and may be returned to its container.