Jake The Jaw

A model off dir and so on activity could be the friend in need's running Into a bursting structure and sparing a caught Infant fro the approaching fire or the demonstration of placing himself in the red to take care of and dress an evil fortuned family. A circuitous activity, however, regularly happens when the guardian angel sets himself in opposition to an insidious a ND degenerate power in either a compelling or quiet design, yet quite often with the prescience e that lone detainment or passing can result.The extreme return of this activity would not all that m such lead to the surrendering of previous degenerate ways, yet It would offer confidence to those for whom the e rescuer was battling so they could proceed in their battle against abuse. In both America n and English writing, this rescuer Is a typical character who frequently sets the ethical tone of r a work. Despite the fact that the hero comes in a wide range of structures, the life encompassing writing' s most famous fr iend in need, Jesus Christ, gives a typical structure that numerous books utilize.One such story absorbed Christian imagery is One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest where rigid frightfulness Ken Keyes regularly thinks about and models the shopping center character Randall McCarthy after Christ Although McCarthy principle and social mores are not exactly as major as Chrism's, some e comparable messages get through as he plays deliverer for the patients of the psychological ward of a h spiral.Through both immediate and backhanded demonstrations of bondage in the interest of the dreadful patients a degenerate Nurse Ratchet, McCarthy drives the best approach to salvation by method of various occasions that equal Chrism's entering of the wicked world, his enrollment and instructing of the plate heaps, the Pharisees' mistreatment of him, and his definitive pulverization on account of a degenerate and abhorrence rival. For there to be a friend in need to some degree taking after Christ, two thin gs are required: those waiting be spared and a setting where malice is the commanding force.Upon the participant once of the kindness, a feeling of benevolence must be procured as it is his obligation to serve the penniless a d abused. McCarthy absorbs himself into the job off Christ figure rapidly, attempting to mend the patients and present to them the initial steps to salvation. The presence of Christ in the corrupt world and of McCarthy in the controlling ward was the start of their Jobs as messiahs.Before Christ accepted this repetitive Job, he went to the prophet John the Baptist who, before the appearance of Christ, individuals had regularly qua addressed on the issue of whether he was the savior; he had in every case obediently answered that e was not the savior but rather was in fact a forerunner of him. 3 In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, the 1 C. I. Subfield, deed. , The Holy Bible, King James Version (Newark: Oxford University Pres s, 1909), The New Testament, Matt. 1 . 2 Ken Keyes, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (New York: Signet, 1962), p. 25. 3 Subfield, pop. It. , John 3: 28. Persistent Ellis plays out a comparable job. Ellis is a result of electrotherapist which is a me decal methodology Just shy of lobotomy. Accordingly, he presently embellishes the dividers with his arms extended as though the emergency clinic has nailed or killed him there,4 ND he fills in as a notice to the remainder of the patients not to oppose the restorative intensity of the medical clinic. All the more critically, however h, Keyes utilizes Ellis as the forerunner of McCarthy, foretelling the future utilization of the torment treatment on McCarthy, the consequence of which is his ‘crucifixion. 5 During the Biblical occasion in which Christ requested to have John the Baptist sanctify through water him, John answered, baffled, that he had moor e of a need to have Christ submerse him than the opposite way around, at the same time, accordingly, Christ said to do i t he baptismal waters. 6 Keyes additionally suggests this occasion, more wittingly, when McCarthy enters he ward shaking hands and making welcome, just to run over the killed Ellis remaining in a puddle of pee. McCarthy at that point states, in his own form of ‘suffer it,' ‘My name e is R. P. McCarthy and I don't care to see a full developed man sloshing' around in his own water. 7 After Chrism's purging, he went about and mended the individuals out of luck, particularly those tormented with physical afflictions, for instance a perishing untouchable, a centurion's hireling, and a hot mother. 8 McCarthy, as well, is portrayed as a healer. Expand, one of the patients on the ward who is open to Musher's lessons, portrays a ruin with a Disturbed craftsmanship quiet who requests his consideration: I was unable to rest a lot of the remainder of the night and I continued seeing those yellow teeth†¦ Asks Eng to Look me! Look me!†¦ That face, Just a yellow, starved need , come approaching out of the dull before me, needing things†¦ Skiing things. I considered how McCarthy rested, tormented by a hundred faces that way, or 200, or a thousand. 9 Broaden additionally witnesses the passage of McCarthy onto the ward and faculties the pop were exuding from his hand as he welcomes the patients and shakes their hands. At the point when the e two at last get around to shaking hands, Broaden says that his ‘hand started to feel impossible to miss r and went to growing up†¦ Like [McCarthy] was transmitting his own blood into it. '10 Perhaps one of Chrism's most famous instances of supernatural occurrence mending was the one where he raised the as of late expired Lazarus from his grave. 1 Sticking to the shape, McCarthy, as well, ‘raises the substance' of Broaden. 12 Broaden isn't dead, yet his sexuality is, and the savior of manliness, McCarthy, comparing 4 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 20 Ibid. , p. 237. 6 Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 3: 1315. 7 K eyes, pop. Cit. , p. 25 8 , Matt. 8. 9 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 234 Ibid. , p. 27. 11 Subfield, pop. Cit. , John 11: 112: 11. 12 Margaret Church and William T. Stafford, deeds. , Modern Fiction Studies (New Jersey: P Urdu Research Foundation, 1975), Volvo. 2, No. 2, â€Å"Ken Keys Psychopathic Savior: A Rejoinder,† by Rob ret Former, p. 27. 5 the sexual organ to the soul,13 actuates Broaden to have an erection by telling stimulating stories of ladies and revived masculinity. 15 Christ, following his principle expressing that ‘he that is most noteworthy among you will be your servant,'16 likewise followed up in the interest of the entirety of his devotees and their need on the double, as opposed to Just each in turn, and exposed himself to the torments of torturous killing n so as to pay for their transgression. McCarthy, as well, acts in a circuitous design submitting himself to pap n for the benefit of the patients. 7 He breaks Nurse Ratchet's office window, cutting his h and,18 and he later assaults her and rips off her uniform, uncovering her gentility, and at last giving up g himself since the reaction to the assault is his lobotomy. As per Broaden, We were unable to stop him since we were the ones causing him to do it. It wasn't the medical caretaker that was constraining him , it was our need. '19 The main phases of Musher's quality in the frightful space of the clinic, based the passage of Christ into the world, is profitable and gainful to the patients who he is first acquainting with the way of salvation.To lead humanity to salvation, Christ required somewhat more than Just marvels, he required d a (nearly) enduring support and a responsive crowd. With that he selected the twelve educates and sent them to wash down malice spirits and spread the news of the Lord. MGM ropy, going with the same pattern, does likewise by ‘recruiting' the patients in the ward as his own pupil less whom he then reattaches expressions of the human experience o f their masculinity. Indeed, even with the supernatural occurrences, however, Christ and McCarthy both make some hard memories persuading everyone regarding their credibility, and, eve count, other's questions lead to their downfalls.The connection between Chrism's followers and Musher's patients is a significant one in a long time, some bearing almost no significance and others shaping the reason for the remainder of the story. One of the main occasions to come to pass between the Christ and the pupils was the point at which he ACTA partner enrolled them. He showed them his exercises, drove them on a trek to salvation, enabled the m to purge men,20 and made them ‘fishers of men'21 with the goal that they could assist him with driving the remainder of humankind to salvation. One area, for instance, where Christ took the pupils o train them was on a pontoon in the Sea of Galilee. 2 Keyes makes an immediate association with this when McCarthy takes eleven patients and the specia list (along these lines his twelve ‘disciples') on a fish Eng endeavor on the vast oceans to show them masculine life and how to recover it. 23 Prior to the leaving of the ward, the patient Ellis, who isn't going, says goodbye and advises another patient to ‘be a fisher of men,'24 straightforwardly suggesting Chrism's campaign. The outing is a triumph with the 13 Ibid. , p. 226. Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 189190. 15 Bruce Scares, Ken Keyes (Caldwell, Texas: The Cotton Printers, Ltd. , 1974), p. 4. 16 Subfield, pop. It. , Matt. 23: 11. 17 Scares, loc. Cit. 18 Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 172173. 19 Ibid. , p. 267. 20 Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 10: 1. 21 Ibid. , Matt. 4: 1819. In the same place. , Matt. 8: 23. 24 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 198. 14 25 As a savior of masculinity,26 McCarthy instructs about a masculine life comprising of, in addition to other things, whoring, drinking, angling, and swearing. 27 Another significant thing that McCarthy accentuates is the capacity to snicker uninhibitedly. His good news of giggling connects with the patients and their faculties of amusingness that an oppressive dread has everything except destroyed. 9 Through his success recognition of the occasions that occur, Broaden perceives how McCarthy looks for the amusingness in the conduct of the emergency clinic work force, ‘and when he perceives how entertaining it is h e goes to snickering, as this irritates them continually. He's sheltered as long as he can laugh†¦ And it works entirely reasonable. '30 This restores Bromide's memory of his Native American dad who additionally utilized this strategy when managing white agents and government men who needed their territory; by chuckling uninhibitedly, his dad had bothered and mortified the covetous white m

History Of Basketball :: Sports

The sport of ball has developed a lot consistently. B-ball was imagined on December 21, 1891. The creator of the game was a Canadian pastor, James Naismith (Joseph Morse, 1973). The sport of ball was designed from parts of different games, looking to wipe out defects of indoor rugby, soccer and lacrosse. Naismith likewise acquired viewpoints from the children’s game â€Å"Duck-on-a-Rock,† wherein kids attempted to knock off a stone from a rock by hurling littler rocks from around 20 feet away (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). There has been no doubt that b-ball was first played in the United States. Truth be told, the primary game was played at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School, presently called Springfield College. (Joseph Morse, 1973) Naismith concocted ball as an option in contrast to the workout and walking his understudies rehearsed to stay in shape in the winters (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). B-ball was a straightforward game, which comprises of a ball and a container. The absolute first ball that was utilized was a soccer ball until 1894 when a genuine â€Å"basketball† was concocted. The b-ball was marginally littler, around 30 crawls in breadth (William D.Halsey, 1975). While, the primary containers that were utilized were two peach bushels that were dangled from the overhang of the exercise center (Frank G. Menke, 1970). By 1906, the peach bins were supplanted by metal containers with openings in the base. These openings were set in the container so a long post could be utilized to jab the b-ball out of the bushel. This was better then in the good 'ol days, when a stepping stool was utilized to climb and get the ball out of the crate. At long last, in 1913 a loop with a net was developed so the ball could fall unreservedly to the ground (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). As I would like to think, the development of the circle and net was a significant advance in the sport of b-ball. Because of the free falling ball the game’s beat expanded which permitted the sport of b-ball to grow much more. In 1893, because of the enthusiastic onlookers meddling with the b-ball, the backboard was designed. The main backboard was developed out of wire work, at that point wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard doesn't meddle with the survey of the game (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Around this time, there was no name for this game. Understudies needed to call the game â€Å"Naismith Ball,† yet in didn't take. History Of Basketball :: Sports The sport of b-ball has developed a lot consistently. B-ball was concocted on December 21, 1891. The creator of the game was a Canadian priest, James Naismith (Joseph Morse, 1973). The sport of b-ball was designed from pieces of different games, trying to take out imperfections of indoor rugby, soccer and lacrosse. Naismith likewise acquired angles from the children’s game â€Å"Duck-on-a-Rock,† where kids attempted to knock off a stone from a stone by hurling littler rocks from around 20 feet away (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). There has been no doubt that ball was first played in the United States. Truth be told, the primary game was played at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School, presently called Springfield College. (Joseph Morse, 1973) Naismith designed ball as an option in contrast to the workout and walking his understudies rehearsed to stay in shape in the winters (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). B-ball was a basic game, which comprises of a ball and a container. The absolute first ball that was utilized was a soccer ball until 1894 when a genuine â€Å"basketball† was developed. The ball was marginally littler, around 30 creeps in distance across (William D.Halsey, 1975). While, the main bushels that were utilized were two peach bins that were swung from the gallery of the exercise room (Frank G. Menke, 1970). By 1906, the peach containers were supplanted by metal crates with gaps in the base. These gaps were set in the crate so a long post could be utilized to jab the b-ball out of the bin. This was better then in the good 'ol days, when a stepping stool was utilized to climb and bring the ball out of the container. At long last, in 1913 a band with a net was concocted so the b-ball could fall openly to the ground (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). As I would see it, the development of the loop and net was a significant advance in the sport of b-ball. Because of the free fallin g ball the game’s rhythm expanded which permitted the sport of b-ball to grow much more. In 1893, because of the exuberant observers meddling with the ball, the backboard was created. The main backboard was developed out of wire work, at that point wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard doesn't meddle with the review of the game (Lauren S. Bahr, 1995). Around this time, there was no name for this game. Understudies needed to call the game â€Å"Naismith Ball,† however in didn't take.

Liberalism Essays - Political Ideologies, Political Culture

Radicalism The procedure of industrialization in England and on the Continent made an extension of the white collar classes, for example the dealers, financiers, and so on. Along these lines, it turned out to be progressively hard for the traditionalist landowning privileged people and rulers to hold their control over society. The term radicalism was first utilized in England in around 1819. Liberal thoughts of opportunity of exchange, the right to speak freely of discourse and so on were to a great extent molded by the French Revolution, as were most other political conventions. Both the headway of the political precept of radicalism and the political thoughts themselves were distinctive in each nation of Europe. The nonconformists of Britain and France were the most powerful, consequently, I will concentrate this exposition overwhelmingly on their impact, until the year 1832, on their individual nations so as to respond to the inquiry to what degree their impact was unique. In the main part, I will manage the political and affordable belief systems 'all' nonconformists share for all intents and purpose. The following section will expound to what degree those leftist thoughts affected society in France, until 1830. In the third, I will talk about the impact of progressivism in Britain up to the year 1832. Traditional Liberalism: The belief systems of radicalism shifted widely in Europe from nation to nation, yet there were additionally numerous likenesses in their perspectives on society. Dissidents saw men to be burning for progressively more property and regard of others, since nonconformists accepted that the best way to excel in life was to pick up property and regard, for the more property the better situation in the public eye. Dissidents perceived that there was a requirement for some base type of government, in any case there would be the bother of each man being his own appointed authority and cop, however it shouldn't be an exceptionally solid government. Government was distinctly to limit periodic offenders; it was to secure the propertied against the non-propertied. Since the individuals additionally should have been shielded from a discretionary or absolutist government, the administration ought to be under a definitive control of the propertied. Thusly, there ought to remain the ability to expel or change the authoritative force, when it acts in opposition to the trust that was put in it. At the end of the day, nonconformists had faith in the capacity of self-government and restraint, since they believed man to be balanced in that man was fit for settling on free choices about his life. In any case, they acknowledged the requirement for a powerless government. This administration was to be a sacred government, where opportunity of the press, the right to speak freely of discourse, free privileges of gathering, religion, and opportunity to arrange over private property would be protected in the most ideal manner. They were persuaded that the authoritative and the official part of government ought to be isolated and that their activities ought to be commonly prohibitive (in view of balanced governance by John Locke). As expressed already, they were additionally persuaded of the possibility that lone male land owners ought to be permitted to cast a ballot, since they had a stake in the public arena. How much property was should have been qualified to cast a ballot was an interesting issue of discussion among nonconformists all over Europe. Nonconformists were not democrats in that they bolstered the possibility of widespread male testimonial, for they dreaded the abundances of chaos. In any case, they believed that each grown-up male ought to have the chance to gather property to get qualified to cast a ballot and that all men were equivalent under the watchful eye of the law. A liberal trademark was that vocations ought to be available to the abilities. None of the dissidents in Europe was supportive of the unification of workers into worker's organizations for it would be a counterfeit impedance with the regular laws - gracefully and request, consistent losses - of the market. In addition, dissi dents pushed an economy of free enterprise, for example facilitated commerce; to be accomplished by disposing of or possibly bringing down the levies. They were of the assessment that organized commerce would be helpful to all the nations in question, for with unhindered commerce, it is simpler to trade merchandise. Subsequently, every nation would create what it was generally appropriate for, accordingly expanding the nation's way of life and general riches. The principle of progressivism was commonly upheld by men of business, financiers,

Overview of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan

Outline of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan The Tokugawa Shogunate characterized current Japanese history by unifying the intensity of the countries government and joining its kin. Before the Tokugawa took power in 1603, Japan endured the rebellion and confusion of the Sengoku (Warring States) period, which kept going from 1467 to 1573. Starting in 1568, Japans Three Reunifiers-Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu-attempted to bring the warring daimyo back under focal control. In 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu finished the errand and built up the Tokugawa Shogunate, which would administer in the heads name until 1868. The Early Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu vanquished the daimyo, who were faithful to the late Toyotomi Hideyoshi and his young child Hideyori, at the Battle of Sekigahara in October 1600. In 1603, the ruler presented to Ieyasu the title of Shogun. Tokugawa Ieyasu built up his capital at Edo, a little angling town on the swamps of the Kanto plain. The town would later turn into the city known as Tokyo. Ieyasu officially controlled as shogun for just two years. So as to guarantee his familys guarantee on the title and to safeguard the congruity of arrangement, he had his child Hidetada named shogun in 1605, running the administration from in the background until his demise in 1616. This political and managerial sharp would portray the first Tokugawa shoguns. The Tokugawa Peace Life in Japan was quiet heavily influenced by the Tokugawa government. Following an era of disorderly fighting, it was a genuinely necessary break. For the samurai warriors, harmony implied that they had to fill in as civil servants in the Tokugawa organization. In the mean time, the Sword Hunt guaranteed that no one yet the samurai had weapons. The samurai were by all account not the only gathering in Japan compelled to change ways of life under the Tokugawa family. All areas of society were bound to their conventional jobs considerably more carefully than before. The Tokugawa forced a four-level class structure that included exacting standards about little subtleties, for example, which classes could utilize sumptuous silks for their garments. Japanese Christians, who had been changed over by Portuguese brokers and teachers, were prohibited from rehearsing their religion in 1614 by Tokugawa Hidetada. To uphold this law, the shogunate required all residents to enlist with their neighborhood Buddhist sanctuary, and any who would not do so were viewed as backstabbing to the bakufu. The Shimabara Rebellion, made up generally of Christian laborers, erupted in 1637, yet was gotten rid of by the shogunate. Thereafter, Japanese Christians were banished, executed, or driven underground, and Christianity blurred from the nation. Appearance of the Americans Despite the fact that they utilized some ponderous strategies, the Tokugawa shoguns directed an extensive stretch of harmony and relative success in Japan. Indeed, life was so tranquil and perpetual that it inevitably offered ascend to the ukiyo-or Floating World-a relaxed way of life delighted in by urban samurai, well off traders, and geishas. The Floating World slammed practical out of nowhere in 1853, when the American Commodore Matthew Perry and his dark boats showed up in Edo Bay. Tokugawa Ieyoshi, the 60-year-old shogun, kicked the bucket not long after Perrys armada showed up. His child, Tokugawa Iesada, concurred under coercion to sign the Convention of Kanagawa the next year. Under the details of the show, American boats were offered access to three Japanese ports where they could take on arrangements, and wrecked American mariners were to be dealt with well. This unexpected burden of remote force flagged the start of the end for the Tokugawa. The Fall of the Tokugawa The unexpected convergence of remote individuals, thoughts, and cash seriously disturbed Japans way of life and economy during the 1850s and 1860s. Therefore, Emperor Komei came out from behind the jeweled shade to give an Order to Expel Barbarians in 1864. In any case, it was past the point of no return for Japan to withdraw again into disengagement. Hostile to western daimyo, especially in the southern areas of Choshu and Satsuma, accused the Tokugawa shogunate for neglecting to protect Japan against the remote brutes. Amusingly, both the Choshu rebels and the Tokugawa troops started projects of fast modernization, receiving numerous western military advancements. The southern daimyo was more effective in their modernization than the shogunate was. In 1866, Shogun Tokugawa Iemochi out of nowhere passed on, and Tokugawa Yoshinobu hesitantly took power. He would be the fifteenth and last Tokugawa shogun. In 1867, the sovereign additionally kicked the bucket, and his child Mitsuhito turned into the Meiji Emperor. Confronted with a developing risk from the Choshu and Satsuma, Yoshinobu surrendered a portion of his forces. On November 9, 1867, he left the workplace of the shogun, which was canceled, and the intensity of the shogunate was given over to another sovereign. The Rise of the Meiji Empire The southern daimyo propelled the Boshin War to guarantee that force would rest with the sovereign as opposed to with a military chief. In 1868, the expert majestic daimyo reported the Meiji Restoration, under which the youthful Emperor Meiji would administer in his own name. Following 250 years of harmony and relative disconnection under the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan propelled itself into the advanced world. Wanting to get away from a similar destiny as once-amazing China, the island country dedicated itself completely to building up its economy and military may. By 1945, Japan had built up another domain across quite a bit of Asia.

Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis

Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Symptoms of Bipolar Psychosis By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 18, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Glen Perotte Collection/Photographers Choice/Getty Images More than half of people living with bipolar disorder will experience at least one symptom of psychosis over the course of their lives.?? Psychosis is defined as the loss of contact with reality, during which time a person cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imagined. Symptoms include delusions (believing something that is not real) and/or hallucinations (seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, or tasting something that is not real).?? Psychosis usually accompanies episodes of extreme mania in persons with bipolar I disorder (the more severe form of the disease). While less common, it can also happen to people with bipolar II disorder. Psychosis is also a feature seen with other types of mental illness, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Certain physical illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, brain tumors, and stroke can also trigger a psychotic episode, and it can even be an extreme feature of postpartum depression. Symptoms Within the context of bipolar disorder, there is no clear understanding of what causes psychosis.?? While people will often refer to it as a psychotic break, the reality is that a psychotic episode usually develops slowly over time. Early Warning Signs of Psychosis Some early warning signs of psychosis include:Consistently worrying about grades or job performanceStruggling to concentrate or think clearlyHaving unwarranted suspiciousness of othersFailure to keep up with personal hygieneWithdrawing from friends and familyExperiencing strong, inappropriate feelings or no feelings at all Getting help for psychosis sooner rather than later can make the recovery process faster and easier, so early indicators should not be ignored. That said, people close to the individual experience psychosis are usually the ones to detect these symptoms. People experiencing psychosis will typically appear incoherent and completely unaware of how extreme their behavior has become. In terms of symptoms, they are typically classified as being either mood-congruent or mood-incongruent: Mood-Congruent Symptoms The hallucinations and/or delusions match the persons mood. The hallucinations may be contextualized by a persons delusions. The underlying belief that youre being spied on can manifest with imagined sounds or voices from the next room. Mood-Incongruent Symptoms A persons mood does not match the hallucination and/or delusion. People will often believe that there are voices telling them what to do or that they are being influenced by some unseen force. Episodes are considered serious and will more often than not require hospitalization. Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Understanding Delusions Delusions?? are false beliefs that a person believes are true. Previously referred to as paranoid disorder, delusions are characterized by episodes that are either bizarre (something beyond the realm of possibility) or non-bizarre (things that are within the realm of possibility). Examples of bizarre illusions include being abducted by aliens or having a CIA tracking device in your head. Non-bizarre delusions, by contrast, often manifest with claims of being poisoned, followed, or loved from afar. Unlike hallucinations, delusions can often seem perfectly normal in casual situations. Psychotic delusions are typically clustered around one or several of the following themes: Jealousy, usually related to a loved ones infidelityGrandiosity, characterized by an inflated sense of self-worthErotomaniaâ€"the belief that someone important loves youPersecution, in which you believe others plan to do you harmSomatic delusions, by which you believe you are ill or have a physical defect Delusions Occurring in Bipolar Disorder Understanding Hallucinations Hallucinations?? are characterized by physical sensations that are not real. With regards to bipolar disorder, this may be caused by an extreme manic episode combined with extreme sleep deprivation (the latter of which can also cause hallucinations in people who dont have bipolar). Hallucinations dont just involve perceptions, but actual sensations involving one or more of the five senses. They can be classified as: Visual hallucinationsAuditory hallucinations, such as hearing voices that arent thereOlfactory hallucinations, involving smellsTactile hallucinations, such as feeling bugs crawling all over youTaste hallucinations How Do You Know If Youre Having Hallucinations? Is Psychosis Dangerous? The word psychosis can be scary for some people, suggesting the affected person is likely to inflict self-harm or cause harm to others. While this is possible, particularly in cases of severe mood-incongruent psychosis, episodes are usually more troubling than dangerous. If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of self-harm or harming others, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255, or dial 911. A Word From Verywell With a holistic approach to treatment of bipolar psychosisâ€"including psychotherapy, medication, and social supportâ€"most people can fully recover and return to their normal life without further incident. While bipolar disorder cannot be cured in the traditional sense, with proper diagnosis and treatment, symptoms of the disease can be successfully controlled over the long term. Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

A Case Study On Aurobindo Pharma - Free Essay Example

Global strategy for Indian pharmacy companies and the opportunity in emerging markets: A case study on Aurobindo Pharma Focus Aim: To understand the trends in Indian pharmacy companies which have been recently going global by investing abroad with an intention for market expansion? Objectives: To find out the strengths of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and analyse the pattern of Mergers and Acquisitions by various companies across the globe. To throw light on the strategies followed by Aurobindo Pharma in acquiring other pharma companies. Context The research includes strategy of the emerging pharmaceutical companies in India and understands the trends and process of the companies that have been going global to expand their market in the world-wide. Literature review: In pharmaceutical sector around the world, India ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value. In the year 2006 the value was USD 7.42 billion, the growth has been increased by 12.9% over the previous year. In this total sales 90% of the sales are accounted as generics and the remaining are patented drugs. Now a dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s governments of various countries, patients and industries are pulling attention towards generic drugs, due to lower in cost and less RD investment than compares to that of the patented drugs. In the year 2005 the generic market has been increased by 20% in the world which is four times that of the patented drugs and three times that of the pharmaceuticals market. US market alone had acquired 44% of the generic drugs (Pharmabiz, 2009). The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of generic drugs in Indian pharmaceuticals has been increased by 16.6% during the period of 2001-05. The expected CAGR during the period of 2009-14 would be 13.2% and appro ximately the total value may reach $15,490m in 2014 (Research and Markets, 2009). In the year 2009 in India there were more than 80 FDA approved plants, Italy (55) and China (27). The Indian pharmaceuticals companies like Cipla, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lab; Wockhardt, Lupin and Nicholas Piramal are doing well in developed market such as US and Europe. These companies have exciting values in formulation, bulk drugs, generics, novel drug delivery system, new chemical entities, biotechnology etc (Research and Markets, 2007). 4.1 Indian pharmaceutical market structure: Source: Cygnus, 2007 According to Dr. Richard Gerster, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Indian  pharmaceutical industry is a success story providing employment for millions and ensuring that essential drugs at affordable prices are available to the vast population of this sub-continent.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The Indian pharmaceuticals ranks very high in terms of quality, technology and the range of medicines manufactured. Indian pharmaceuticals market will grow 10-14%, to touch $40 billion by 2015 (Mckinsey, 2009). India has a powerful biotechnology that can overthrow by the revolution of agriculture, healthcare, industrial processing and environmental sustainability. In India there are 100 research laboratories and more than 400 educational and training institutes across the country (Pharma India, 2005). Major companies in India 2006 Source: company annual report FY 2006-07, *annual report 2006 December ending. In the above figure y-axis indicates to turnover (Rs.bn) Indian pharmaceuticals is divided into two benefits, one is strong domestic consumption growth and robust export opportunities (Indus view, 2009). 4.2 Mergers and acquisitions of Indian pharmaceutical companies The major reason for acquisitions is to attaining access to new technologies, clinical research, catapulting the market share and platform for improving custom synthesis and working with new clients. The major companies acquiring acquisitions in India are Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Dishman and Wockhardt. In generics Acquirer Target Value USD million Date Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Beta pharm (Germany) 574 Feb-06 Ranbaxy Terapia (Romania) 324 Mar-06 Ranbaxy Ethimed NV (Spain) Mar-06 Ranbaxy Allen spa (Italy ) Mar-06 Aurobindo Milpharma (UK) 13 Feb-06 Jubilant organosys Target research association (US) 34 Oct-05 In branded formulation Sun pharma Able laboratories (US) 24 Dec-05 Valeant pharma (2 facilities) (Hungary, US) 10 Aug05 Active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rocheà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s API business (Mexico) 59 Nov-05 Matrix Docpharma (Belgium) 263 Jun-05 Over the last decade the outsourcing has become the important part for the pharmaceutical companies. The main reason for the outsourcing is rising pressure to reduce costs, and time-to-market, this leads to the increasing the technical demanding areas such as drug discovery and biotech RD. Outsourcing opportunities has been rapidly growing in the market like Eastern Europe, China, India. Indian pharmaceutical industries are putting effort on the development of the product for global generic market and this will be visible with the DMF filing at the US FDA (DMFs are generic dossiers filed with the FDA in order to allow the API to appear in marketed drugs). 30% of the DMF filings at US FDA are filed by Indian companies. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, aurobindo, cipla, Ranbaxy, matrix and lupin are the leading Indian companies of DMFs filed in US. From the sources of US and European countries they made research on Indian based pharmaceuticals companies regarding merging and acquisitions and they were pleased to announce some name to the Indian companies and decided to name as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Indian Pharmaceutical MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Mainly US and European countries have focused on Indian due to the vast change in research work done and the main plus points for them were the laws of Indian government have changed drastically like providing new opportunities to launch patented molecules this point made them interest in investing Indian pharmaceuticals, and likewise India pharma is becoming strong manufacturing stand and with low-cost development, manufacturing destination. Source: Shivani Shukla, 2006. The global has been rapidly changing into the generic market; here are some companies that have been invested, acquired and deals in 2008-09. Green cross Pharma in Singapore was acquired by Ascent; Pfizer plant in Ireland was acquired by Hovione, PharmaPro manufacturing facility was acquired by URL Pharma, ECR pharmaceuticals was acquired by HI-Tech pharmacal.   Source: Research and Markets, 2009. Indian pharmaceutical market in U.S., has been continuously increasing, a $440 billion market appoints 47% of the global pharmaceutical market. In February 2009, Indian pharmaceutical companies including large and mid-sized all together have assured approvals for 15 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) (Indus view, 2009). Strategies: In order to expand their market some companies have entered into foreign markets in generic drugs segment. Some companies have entered directly by setting their own sales and marketing organisation, either in organic manner or through acquisitions and others have entered these market through partnership or merging with well established companies. Ranbaxy acquired Ohm Laboratories in US in 1995, Jubilant Organosys acquired Cadista pharmaceuticals (formerly Trigen Laboratories) an US generic company in 2005. Aurobindo Pharma gained an FDA-compliment formulations manufacturing plant in Dayton, New Jersey in 2006, in the same year the company acquired Milpharm LTD in UK. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approved as a MHRA manufacturing facilities in UK. Wockhardt has a manufacturing facility in UK, Ireland and France (espicom, 2009). Aurobindo Pharma: Aurobindo was founded in the year 1986, by Mr P.V. Ramaprasad reddy, Mr. K. Nithyananda reddy and some highly committed group professionals. Aurobindo pharma launches Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest formulation facility in India in 2009. Vision of the company is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To become Asias leading and one among the top 15 generic Pharma companies in the world, by 2015 (aurobindo, 2009). RD of the company lies in developing intellectual property in non-infringing processes and resolving complex chemistry challenges. Aurobindo pharma expects to reach $2 billion by the end of the year 2013, the company licensing deal with Pfizer to sell generics drugs in more than 70 emerging companies and developing market in India (Fierce pharma, 2009). Aurobindo pharma is the first company that makes acquisition in Europe acquires Milpharm in UK in 2006, on agreement with the U.K. Whyte group LTD and Iracot LTD. This acquisition makes the company to gain immediate access to European markets. This company is profit making company in generic; it takes ownership over hundred Marketing Authorizations (MAs) Medicines, and Health care products Regulatory Agency, UK (UK MHRA). Milpharm records  £7.7 million in 12 months of period ended 30th September 2005 (Aurobindo, 2006). Source: THE HINDU, journal, 2006 Source: PR Domain News Release, 2006 The above pie chart indicates that Aurobindo pharma exports break-up in the year 2006 Research methodology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the term fundamentally means expedition for information or data collection. It certainly means to accumulate the information regarding certain queries and to build up a convinced scheme for that question. If there is no such a word like research all the scientific and social projects could be resulted in guess work and inexact data.   The descriptive or relative, qualitative research work is typically probing, in concern it can either contain some or all the criterion mentioned below. (Miles, 1994) Extremely intensified and drawn out contact in the field. Designed to attain a holistic or complete picture. Little consistent instrumentation is used. Most analysis is done with words. Take into account the experiences, opinions and feelings of the participants. The research strategies generally used are the chosen case study and the grounded theory. 5.1 Research paradigm A research paradigm is expanded to the critical thinking of the students that may help the students to gain a clear view about the research with the different examples. Positivist paradigm is based on the philosophical idea which explores the social reality. Positivism paradigm has been influencing the educational research for a long time, later half twentieth it is criticized due to the lack in subjective states of individual. 5.2 Research approach There are four different types of research approaches, they are specification of a theory, design based on the theory, implementation, and evaluation. This research includes deductive and inductive quantitative comes under deductive and qualitative comes under inductive. Quantitative method mainly includes objectively, caution and types of questions in this are pre-specified and outcome oriented. Qualitative mainly includes subjectively, meaning of the report. Types of questions are open-ended and process oriented. 5.3 Research method The research study is basically to understand the impact of pharmaceutical industries that have been going global to increase their market. Thus, given the research aim and objectives of the study, methodology that is employed for this study is basically to desk study rather going for primary survey method. The Aurobindo Pharma chosen for the case study is taken into account with a view point and to review how the company acquired and merged with other companies. 5.4 Sampling procedure A sample is a finite part of statistical population, whose properties are studied to gain the information of the whole (Webster, 1985). When it comes in case of dealing with people, it can be defined as a set of respondents picked out from a larger group for the reason of survey. So as a part of sampling technique the questionnaire is to be conducted between a selected group of actual client and non client households during the course of the survey. 5.5 Method of data Analysis The published data collected on the pharmaceutical industry will be analysed with the help of diagrams, graphs and pie charts and draw conclusions based on the results obtained. Saunders et al (2003) claims that there is no standard models to analyzing qualitative data but discuss one technique where the data are disaggregated into meaningful categories that are subsequently rearranged and analyzed for related data and key themes. Data collection Secondary data collection The data is mostly collected from the secondary form of publications like articles, Indus view, InPharma publishers, Cygnus business consulting and research, Pharmaceutical journal newspapers, Pharmabiz, market and research. Primary data collection Primary data is the collection of ideas all the way through the chain of various semi-structured consultations conducted by the researcher. This data can be collected by conducting interviews and by daily written record of experiences and observations. The research includes questionnaire, case Ethical consideration Time plan Activity July August September Week Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.Holiday 2. Read Literature 3.Finalise Objectives 4. Draft Literature Review 5. Read Methodology Literature 6. Devise Research Approach 7. Draft Research Strategy and Method 8. Develop Questionnaire 9. Pilot Test and Revise Questionnaire 10. Administer Questionnaire 11. Enter Data into Computer 12. Analyse Data 13. Update literature read 14. Complete remaining chapters 15. Submit to tutor and await feedback 16.Print, bind 17. Submit

Mission, objectives, macroeconomic policy of the Faysal Bank - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4670 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Outcomes Covered Outcome 1 Identify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of an organization with in its environment Outcome 2 Investigate the economic, social and global environment in which organization operate PURPOSE OF THE ASSIGNMENT This assignment was assign to us with certain objectives in mind. The purpose and objectives were to study the working of a real world organization practically. To equip students with the insight of organization and analyze the practical aspects of the working of Business Environment and developing the students capability of applying the concepts on the organization hence learning by doing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mission, objectives, macroeconomic policy of the Faysal Bank" essay for you Create order To observe the mission, objectives, social welfare policy, industrial policy and macroeconomic policy of the Faysal Bank. P1 M1 D1:- Identify the mission, values and key objectives of the chosen organization and asses the influence of stakeholders. Give your judgements about the organizational performance in achieving its objective and also satisfy its stakeholders. Justify a choice of a new mission statement salient features. Organization:- An organization is an arrangement of people, pursuing common goals, achieving results and standards of performance. Basically, an organization in its simplest form is a person or group of people intentionally organized to accomplish an overall, common goal or set of goals. Business organizations can range in size from one person to tens of thousands. Organizations are social units with a purpose. Normally there should be a purpose for the birth of an organization. Each organization comes into existence with a purpose specific to its genesis. For example we have a galaxy of organizations such as governments, government agencies, corporations, business organizations, universities, trade associations, trade unions, hospitals, schools, theatres, municipal corporations, prisons, slaughter houses, professional societies and a host of several other bodies. Each has its own purpose to live in the society. (www.businessdictionary.com) Mission: Mission or Purpose is a precise description of what an organization does. It is a definition of why the organization exists currently. Each member of an organization should be able to verbally express this mission. Additionally, each person needs a mission for his or her life. A mission statement focuses on theÂÂ  howÂÂ  of your business. It defines theÂÂ  purposeÂÂ  of the business. It outlines theÂÂ  reasonÂÂ  for being for your business and provides some understanding of how your business will be operated-the Strategy. Mission describes the organizations basic function in society, in terms of the products and services it produces for its clients. The specific role that organization plans to fulfill the within society over the long-term and therefore limits the scope of its operations by implicitly excluding areas outside its stated mission. (www.entrepreneur.com) Values: A value is a belief, a mission, or a philosophy that is really meaningful to the company. Values define the group beliefs, and rules that control the management of the company. It represents the organizational philosophy and support to the basic mission of an organization. An organization with stronger Values base can be very successful in the future for long-term and can achieve the organizational goals in timely manner. Values have impact on each and every activity of the organization and must be define by the top management of the organization in very careful manner. (www.wikipedia.com) Objectives: Objectives give the business aÂÂ  clearly defined target. An objective is something you want to achieve. Business objectives are something, which a business organization wants to achieve or accomplish over a specified period of time. These may be to earn profit for its growth and development, to provide quality goods to its customers, to protect the environment etc. These are the objectives of business. Faysal Bank Limited:- Introduction of Faysal Bank Limited: Faysal Bank started operations in Pakistan in 1987, first as a branch set-up of Faysal Islamic Bank of Bahrain and then in 1995 as a locally incorporated Pakistani bank under the present name of Faysal Bank Limited. On January 1, 2002, Al Faysal Investment Bank Limited, another group entity in Pakistan, merged into Faysal Bank Limited which resulted in a larger, stronger and much more versatile institution. The strength and stability of Faysal Bank Limited is evident through the Credit Rating assigned by JCR-VIS Credit Rating Company Limited of AA (Double A) for long to medium term and A-1+ (A One Plus) for short term. (Faysal Bank, Annual Report 2009) Faysal Bank Mission: Achieve leadership in providing financial services in chosen markets through innovation. To Develop and deliver the most innovative products, manage customers experience, deliver quantity service that contributes to brand strength, establishes a comprehensive advantage and enhances profitability, in this way providing value to the stakeholders of the bank. (www.faysalbank.com) Faysal Bank Values: Our daily code of conduct is exemplified by eight core values: Four threshold values at the heart of our brand. Four differentiator values values that set our brand apart. Threshold Values: Team Work Respect Integrity Professionalism Differentiate Values: Passion Innovation Responsiveness Compassion (www.faysalbank.com) Faysal Bank Objectives:- Faysal Bank has the following objectives:- Prime focus to earn profit by providing values to its customers. To provide superior services to its customers. To provide assistance in the development of the commerce and trade industry. Focus on blending skills and experience towards creating an enabling environment. Core focus is to inculcate a culture of collaboration intended to delver world class customer service. To promote and boost up business sector inside the country. To provide the employment opportunities in the country. To provide loan and advances to help out in self employment schemes To earn profit for the bank itself and for its stakeholders. To create maximum economic value for shareholders through constant relationship focuses on financial services. (Operational Manager of Faysal Bank) Stakeholders:- Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest in an organizations ability to deliver intended results and maintain the viability of its products and services. In the development of a firms mission and vision is a good place to start, but first, of course, you must identify critical stakeholders, get a handle on their short- and long-term interests, calculate their potential influence on your strategy, and take into consideration how the firms strategy might affect the stakeholders (beneficially or adversely). Stakeholders can be internal as well as external Internal Stakeholders:- Internal stake holders are individual or groups inside a business or an organization can be employees and management. Members can also be internal stake holders. External Stakeholders:- External stake holders are individuals or groups outside the business who are interested in the decisions an organization makes. They might even have an effect on that organization or business, External stake holders can be: *Standard agencies *pressure group *Suppliers *Customers *Professional bodies *Local community *Government *young people *etc Stakeholders overall include: *Owners or shareholders *Managers *Employees *Customers *Government *Suppliers *Communities *Investors Some stakeholders may have more than one interest in a business. An employee might also be a stakeholder. Managers are employees of the business, a customer might be a member of a local community but yet they can be stakeholders. Stakeholders in a business will usually benefit from their involvement with the organization. Employees will earn money which they can spend on goods and services. Customers will consume the goods and services supplied by the business and the government w ill collect tax from the organization. (Wikipedia) M1:- The main purpose of any commercial bank is to deposit money and to advances loans to general public of the country. Besides that the bank also provides certain other facilities in order to maintain its stability and also achieve the higher customer level. As in todays banking industry a tough competition is going on so its very difficult for any bank to satisfy and retain their customers. In meanwhile the retention and satisfaction of the customers is playing a vital role in the achievement of any organization. As the Faysal Bank is working on the mission that achieve leadership in providing financial services in chosen markets through innovation. So the Faysal Bank is providing every product and service with the changing perception of the minds of the customer through innovation. Due to this innovation the Faysal Bank is providing a variety of products and services to their customers throughout the country in order to attain their objectives of providing superior level of servi ces to their customers. Businesses play an important role in developing the economy of any country so the businesses must be facilitated in order to boost up the economy. Faysal Bank is playing vital role globally in Trade Financing through its network, affiliates and correspondents. The Bank offers standard loan and trade financing facilities in order to boost up the corporate businesses in the country. These facilities include the short-term and long-term funds, letter of credit and Bank Guarantees and other related facilities for trade. Human resources are the main assets in the achievement of objectives of any organization. Faysal bank is working on this and is proving better opportunities for the talented individuals to start their career and also believes in promoting their careers. The environment of working of the Faysal Bank is standardized one in which the individuals can groom their career. The bank is also providing opportunities for the fresh students by hiring th em as Management Trainee. The Faysal Bank is caring the customer by providing them creative and value added services to customers. So these innovations bring the high profit for both the bank and the associated stakeholders which create high value of their business in the banking industry. D1:- Mission Statement for Faysal Bank Limited:- Focusing on the customers loyalty by providing standard financial services through developing and delivering innovative products and services keeping in view the stakeholders profitability. Features:- Customers loyalty Financial Services Innovation Stakeholders Profitability Customer Loyalty:- Objective of the bank is to provide valuable and superior services to customers, so for this the Bank is focusing on close and long term relationship with customers. Their prime aim as to facilitate their customers with more advanced financial services, so to make them loyal. Financial Services:- Objective of the bank is to provide assistance for an individual and business, so the bank is providing mixture of financial services to an individual and businesses for the development and promotion of individuals life and commerce. Innovation:- The focus of bank is to bring more new ideas in their services to their customers. Which will increase the market share of the bank and will led the bank serve more customers. Stakeholders Profitability:- By providing valuable services and innovation it will increase the stakeholders wealth. P2 D2:- Evaluate the extent to which an organization achieves the objectives of three stakeholders. Recommend the broad strategies to achieve stakeholders Objective successfully. Interest Objectives of Stake holders:- Different Stake holders have diverse objective and they have different affects on an organization or business. According to Michael Novak following are seven points that should be kept in mind according to business ethics when developing relations with stakeholders. Customer satisfaction by providing goods and services of real value. Reasonable return on the funds entrusted to the business by its investors. Create new wealth New job opportunities Promote invention and creativity One of the most important is to diverse public interest into different sectors of life. If these six points are taken care of then a business would serve the common good of the community in several ways. Concern can occur in business when stakeholder interests are different. Each type of stakeholder is likely to have a set of interests which they want to achieve. It could be argued that: Shareholders want regular, secure and high returns. Managers want responsibility, high rewa rds and a lack of interference in their actions. Employees want high earnings, an interesting job and secure employment. Customers want quality products at low prices and a good service Suppliers want secure, regular and profitable orders. Government wants to achieve a large number of goals including growth in the economy and low inflation. The local community wants thriving local businesses which do not cause problems. D2:- strategies:- In keeping view the objectives of the stakeholders I have recommend following strategies for the Bank which are given below. The Bank should provide quality products to satisfy customers need. There must be representative from bank side for the customers at different branches, due to which customers can easily get awareness about the product and also the Bank should maintain strong relationships with the customers. The prices of the products and also interest rate on loans should not be high. The Bank should invest significantly in research and development to develop new products and manufacturing processes. The Bank should also keep skilful managerial staff so that they can make a good decision bring new ideas to develop the products of the bank. The bank should give promotion on time to their employees. There should be a vacancy for promotion officer in the Bank. The Bank should arrange training for newly recruited employees. Employees should be motivated by giving cash re wards to them so for that purpose the bank must maintain a separate head. The Bank should provide free schooling and medical treatment to their childrens. All the dues should be given to employees time by time without any delay. Shareholders wants regular profits so If the Bank provides good quality of products then more income will be generated, then in result shareholders will receives dividends regularly. Most important thing is that shareholders want security of the business so the Bank should invest continuously in the employees who ensure that they are highly motivated, well trained and is encouraged to encounter the challenges of the future. P3 M2:- Explain the responsibilities of an organization. Discuss how much the organization acting responsibility under current circumstances. Responsible Behavior of an Organization:- Social Responsibility:- The social responsibility of an organization may be defined as the obligations that the organization has towards the people and the environment in which the company operate. No organization would ever admit to being socially irresponsible, and many organization claims to act responsibly on social issues. Pollution control is a particularly important example of social responsibility by industrial organizations, and some progress has been made in the development of commercial process for re-cycling waste material. British Coal attempts to restore the environment by planting on old slag heaps. Environmental Responsibilities:- Public concern with environmental pollution has resulted in government action. Some of this takes the form of tax incentives. For example, the UK government encouraged the use of lead-free petrol by leaving a lower tax than on leaded petrol. Vehicles that emit lower levels of carbon dioxide are charged less road vehicle tax. The government has also proposed taxing waste. The UK Government has made a public commitment to cut carbon dioxide omissions. Ethics and Business:- Ethics is about the codes of moral principles that people follow with respect to what is right or wrong. Ethical principles are not necessarily enforced by law, although the law can be incorporate moral judgments (murder is wrong ethically, and is also punishable legally). Management Responsibilities:- The stakeholder view suggests that management is responsible not only to the organizations owners (Shareholders), but also has responsibilities to: Employees Customers Suppliers Competitors The Local Community The general public (and government) Public Relations and Corporate Image:- Corporate image describes the public attitude towards a company, or the image of the company in the mind of the general public and, perhaps more specifically, in the minds of potential customers. It is possible to promote a desired corporate image through a combination of public relations, advertising and the experiences and attitudes build up by customers over the year. (For example, the favorable corporate image of Marks and Spencer grew up over many years, without the need for substantial PR or advertising.) M2:- There are various ways and methods for an organization to consider so they can act responsible, however those various ways and methods also depend on the kind of organization you are working with. However, the organization we have selected to write upon is the banking sector. Banks are situated at at places ideal for customers and are environmental friendly, as building do not pose threats to the environment. Given the nature of the bank work, which is mainly clerical or administrative, employees are not subject to occupational health hazards. However, a variety of occupational risks to health do exist in the banking sector, as in other clerical occupations. It is the important for the employees health that adequate standards of hygiene, cleanliness and comfort are maintained in the workplace. It is difficult, to single out health risks involved to the banking sector that are not common to other clerical occupations and it is even more difficult to isolate any special problems i n this area for employees of multinational banks. In the majority of cases, foreign and domestic banks are moreover governed by the same legislative standards with regard to health and safety and hygiene in workplaces, which are said to be respected by foreign banks and enforced through inspection at regular intervals. In a number of countries, particularly in Europe, enterprises of a certain size are obliged by law to set up a joint committee on safety and health to monitor the application of legal provisions, point out deficiencies and make suggestions for improvements. Many of the large banks have gone far beyond the legal prescriptions in their concern for protecting their employees health. For example, in a number of cases they have organized training sessions for employees on safety and health problems, precautionary measures in the workplace, fire prevention and other security matters. Ethical codes are rooted in a wider value system, as to what is right or wrong. Companie s do have ethical responsibility and are not protected by limited liability from the consequences of their actions. A companys record and the perception of its ethics affect its reputation and ensure long term success or failure. The financial community has a history of placing moral considerations above legal or opportunistic expedients. But we are often exposed to moral dangers. Bankers role is one of stewardship based on trust. They are trusted by the people who ask them to look after their money and they have a duty to lend that money responsible. Banking is about rewards reflecting real risks and ethical considerations form an important part of their risk taking activities. The welfare of borrowing customers money, in good times and bad is of major concern in any business proposition. Bank depends on people to run their business and to reflect their ethical standards. Banks have to let their people know what is expected of them. A bank responsibility extends to Governm ent, customers, shareholders, staff and community. In the future, as the banks face increasingly complex and conflicting issues, their resolve and commitment to ethical behavior will be tested. P4:- Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of resources. Different Economic System:- There is a huge list of economic systems some of which are as under:- Capitalism Socialism Mixed Economy Capitalism:- In a capitalist economic system most productive assets are held by private owners, and most decisions about production and distribution are made by the market rather than government command. Capitalism thus suggests a system of economic regulation that involves minimal state involvement. Nonetheless, even the most capitalistic economic systems contain some governmental supervision. The government must establish basic institutional rules, such as contract law. The government must also legislate to correct market failure or situations where the unregulated market does not work well. Most importantly, in any democratic system a large number of interest groups continually petition the government for laws that bias market processes in their favors. Perhaps the Supreme Courts most important function as regulator of capitalism is to define the appropriate constitutional limit of governmental interference with individual, market driven decision making. (Brewster, 1998) Socialism:- An economic system in which the production and distribution of goods are controlled substantially by the government rather than by private enterprise, and in which cooperation rather than competition guides economic activity. There are many varieties of socialism. Some socialists tolerate capitalism, as long as the government maintains the dominant influence over the economy; others insist on an abolition of private enterprise. All communists are socialists, but not all socialists are communists. (Dunnet, 1997) Mixed Economy:- An economy that combines elements of capitalism and socialism, mixing some individual ownership and regulation, some capitalist countries, France, for example, employ what is often called state capitalism. In this form of a mixed economy, the state becomes a major shareholder in private enterprises. An alternative, employed in Great Britain (more in the past than now), is for the state to own some industries while leaving others in private hands. (Brewster, 1998) Allocation Resources in the Economic system:- In capitalism all rights are with owners little involution of government Owner always concentrate it own interest. While in socialism all rights and decision are taken under the government bodies every one have there rights No any difference between any differences between individuals. Every one can get benefit from that economic system while in mixed economy both socialism and capitalism take place. The owner of private organization can get benefit and also single individual. P5 M3 D3:- Discuss the impact of Social welfare and Industrial policy. What are the response of an organization towards social industrial policy and recommended solution. Social Welfare Policy:- Social welfare or public charity, organized provision of educational, cultural, medical, and financial assistance to the need. Modern social welfare measures may include any of the following: the care of destitute adults; the treatment of the mentally ill; the rehabilitation of criminals; the care of destitute, neglected, and delinquent children; the care and relief of the sick or handicapped; the care and relief of needy families; and supervisory, educational, and constructive activity, especially for the young. Industrial Policy:- Industrial policy, government-sponsored economic program in which the public and private sectors coordinate their efforts to develop new technologies and industries. Government provides the financial support and capital to the private sector by direct subsidies, tax credits, or government-run developmental banks. Industrial policy emphasizes cooperation between government, banks, private enterprise, and employees to strengthen the national economy. Impact of Social Welfare Policy on Faysal bank Limited:- There are some social welfare policies which are given below:- Providing different facilities for the employees like flexi loans to the employees. Providing free education and medical treatment for their employees. Providing loans for the development of education and health in the country. Provides internships facility for the fresh students. Provides funds in case of natural disaster in the country. Impact of Industrial Policy on Faysal Bank Limited:- The main impact on FBL is if the government of Pakistan increase the interest rate of Pakistan so the all banks will impacts on this decision of government Due to more interest profit will decrease and people will buy less services and facilities from the selected organization. M3 D3:- Social Welfare Policy:- The impact of Social Welfare Policy on Faysal Bank is sometime positive and negative. In case of providing free education and medical treatment etc the bank has to spent money which can affect their financial position. While on other hand, by providing these facilities students get motivated. The Bank provides facility of internship to fresh students to develop their practical skills. Faysal Bank provides Gratuity Fund to their employees. The Bank provides fund to IDPs, earthquake/flood affected people, in case of natural disaster in the country. Industrial Policy:- Industries are growing in this leading age so the Faysal Bank is also one of the leading Bank in the banking sector of Pakistan. The Bank provides variety of products of standardized nature which encourages the bank position to be stable in that sector. Against other competitors in the Banking sector, the Faysal Bank has provided innovative products and services to their customers and to business. Providing loans to businesses and encouraging different businesses and providing standard services by Faysal Bank is representing that the bank has given full response towards the industrial policy. Solution:- According to my research Faysal Bank is not yet facing any major problems regarding Social Welfare Policy and Industrial Policy. P6:- Evaluate the impact of macroeconomic policy and its influence. Macroeconomic Policy Measures:- Macroeconomic is one of the two most general fields of economics that literally means managing economics at large. It deals with the entire economys performance, total amount of goods and services produced, decision making, structure and etc. It can be national, regional, or global economy. It includes the study of GDP, unemployment rates, and general behavior of prices to understand how the economy works. It also develops models for analysis of national income, inflation, savings, investment, international trade and etc. (Dunnet, 1997) Fiscal Policy:- Measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by adjusting the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures. When the economy is sluggish, the government may cut taxes, leaving taxpayers with extra cash to spend and thereby increasing levels of consumption. An increase in public-works spending may likewise pump cash into the economy, having an expansionary effect. Conversely, a decrease in government spending or an increase in taxes tends to cause the economy to contract. Fiscal policy is often used in tandem with monetary policy. Until the 1930s, fiscal policy aimed at maintaining a balanced budget; since then it has been used countercyclical, as recommended by John Maynard Keynes, to offset the cycle of expansion and contraction in the economy. Fiscal policy is more effective at stimulating a flagging economy than at cooling an inflationary one, partly because spending cuts and tax increases are unpopular and partly because of the work of economic stabilizers. (Dunnet, 1997) Monetary Policy:- Measures employed by governments to influence economic activity, specifically by manipulating the money supply and interest rates. Monetary and fiscal policy are two ways in which governments attempt to achieve or maintain high levels of employment, price stability, and economic growth. Monetary policy is directed by a nations central bank. In the U.S., monetary policy is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve System, which uses three main instruments: open-market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. In the post-World War II era, economists reached a consensus that, in the long run, inflation results when the money supply grows at too rapid a rate. (Dunnet, 1997) Impact of Monetary Policy on Faysal Bank Limited:- The supply of money will reduce, and the flow of money will be a smaller amount due to all this it will affect the business performance. Decrease in business actions will decrease buying power of people and income rate. Due to more interest profit will decrease and people will buy less services and facilities from the selected organization. Impact of Fiscal Policy on Faysal Bank Limited:- Due to rise in rate of taxation the selected organization has to pay extra taxes, and due to this it will cause reduction in investment because of less earnings and high taxes. The enlargement in the government expenses or payments will increase employment rate as well as the purchasing power of the people means they will spend more. This will cause rise in demand of hospital facilities and services. REFRENCES AND BIBLOGRAPGY Faysal Bank Annual Report Faysal Bank Website Business Studies Book (second edition) by Dave Hall. Rob Jones. Carlo Raffo, edited by Ian chambers and Dave Gray. Brewster,D Business Economics (International Thompson Business Press,1998) BPP Learning Media Business Environment (BPP Learning Media,2007) Dunnet, A The Macroeconomic Environment (Prentice Hall, 1997) Lecture Slides Personal visit to the office of Faysal Bank Limited www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.businessdictionary.com www.blurtit.com www.ehow.com

How Culture Affects Negotiation Styles - 3614 Words

How culture affects negotiation styles? Comparing New Zealand with Thailand in business negotiations 15066443 Maria Mishell Albores Assignment 3 Literature Review 219.703 Advanced Business Communication Lecturer: Mingshing Li Semester One 2015 Abstract This literature review paper will review the effects of culture on negotiations, using New Zealand and Thailand as the key countries of comparison. It will first cover how culture general affects negotiations. Then, it will compare the general culture in New Zealand and Thailand in summary. After that, using Hostede’s cultural dimensions, the cultures New Zealand and Thailand will be analyzed, and further analysis of the culture will be done using Schwartz’s cultural values. In the end, review will include the problems of cross-cultural negotiations and a brief on how it can be overcame. To conclude, the review will summarize the topic altogether. Key Words Cross-Cultural Negotiations, International Negotiations, New Zealand, Thailand, Hofstede’s Model, Schwartz’s Model Introduction â€Å"Negotiation is a process by which two or more parties attempt to resolve their opposing interests† (Lewicki Saunders, 2011, p. 6), thus, it is â€Å"a complex emotional decision-making process aiming to reach an agreement† (Thompson, 2005). In addition, according to Pruitt’s chapter of Social Conflict in Handbook of Social Psychology (as cited by Maude, 2011), negotiation is a discussion to reach a mid-point between conflicting parties.Show MoreRelatedInfluence Of Cultural Differences On International Business Negotiations Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pageson international business negotiations In the negotiation practice, many negotiators often do not understand or pay attention to the important influence of the cultural importance of the negotiations. During the international business negotiating the process, some negotiators may have been aware that the different or hard to understand the concrete manifestation. However, some foreign negotiators, in order to maintain a harmonious relationship between the negotiations, they will pay attention toRead MoreThe International Business Negotiations Influenced By Chinese And American Cultures And Differences743 Words   |  3 Pagesbusiness negotiations influenced by Chinese and American cultures and differences Jialin Zhao CMN6060 Professor Stephen Novick October 26, 2016 Abstract Cultural negotiations are business negotiations with different cultural conditions. Under the background of economic globalization and international economic integration, the business ties between countries are becoming more and more closely. In order to avoid cultural conflicts, it is important to understand the different cultures of differentRead MoreAgreements, Political And Trade Negotiations1658 Words   |  7 Pages(400 words) Negotiation is used to handle differences and conflict, to create bridges where there are barriers, and to transact business in a global world. But however important the skill of negotiation is, many people fail at it and can cause long-term resentments between cultures or firms (Dolan and Kawamura, 2015). International negotiations can be put into three different categories which including security, political and trade negotiations (Druckman, 2001). Trade negotiation is the main themeRead MoreThe Influence of Culture on Negotiation1342 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Culture on Negotiations Negotiation Elements and Cultural Dimensions adopt a much less confrontational style in order to avoid direct, aggressive conflict. These cultures may adopt a more collaborative orientation toward the negotiations. In developing a strategy, it must also include levels of risk a party is willing to take for sharing the information, revealing positions, and general considerations on how to best approach a collaborative negotiation strategy. AccordingRead MoreBusiness Negotiation Dynamics1322 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿BUSINESS NEGOTIATION DYNAMICS How can negotiations be made more amenable to womens own voices? Do you think negotiation styles within organizations and society writ large are changing as more and more women are found in leadership roles? It would be difficult to make negotiations more amenable to womens own voices starting at the point where organizational roles and behavioral norms are already established. For that to happen, it is likely that active listening would have to be taught more generallyRead MoreNegotiations Between International Companies From American And Asian Cultures964 Words   |  4 Pagesproducts. Negotiation is a process that requires two or more parts involve that need something that only the counterpart can offer. Is in that moment when the negotiation begins, so the parties can find a solution that will satisfy the needs they have. In this process, the parties may assume they have different interest that can go against their best interests, based on the impression or stereotype they have of the counterpart. This mistrust may increase when the parties are from different cultures or haveRead MoreVietnamese vs American Styles1698 Words   |  7 Pagesin this rapidly growing country. However, cu ltural barriers can adversely affect business transactions right from the negotiation process. American companies seeking a successful cross-cultural negotiation in Vietnam should understand, tolerate, and adapt to the differences in communication style between their home country and Vietnam. The purpose of this research paper is to provide some insights into communication style nuances between the two countries, the benefits of intercultural proficiencyRead MoreThe Strong Need For Proper Negotiations Between Different Cultures949 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong need for proper negotiations between different cultures. This topic is one that needs everyone’s full attention, especially for those professionals involved in negotiations or government. Yes, this matter touches governments, because such negotiations, in many occasions involve other countries. For this particular exploration, one will focus on negotiations with Mexico. Therefore, it is for this affair that everyone must understand how important cross-culture negotiations are for this countryRead MoreSucceed The Negotiation Process And How The Participants Can Curb The Challenges Leading For Successful Transactions1491 Words   |  6 PagesSucceeding in International Business Negotiations. Denise C Matowa Corpus Christi College BUSN 204 1.1 Introduction International business can be defined as the exchange of goods and services across borders through the use of negotiators. It can be thought of as the deliberate investment into another country with the gain of a commodity in the transaction. Through the fast paced train known as globalization, many companies have found international business transactions to be quite fruitfulRead MoreLeading A Multicultural Group. 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Homers Iliad Essay - 3961 Words

Homers Iliad The Iliad is an epic of death. It is a tale of conflict, batle, agony, and horific mutilation. Honor and glory are atained through warfare. The great shield of Achiles stands out in this context because it depicts the glories of an orderly, functioning, productive civilization. This depiction of life stands in stark contrast to the scenes of death that constitute a large portion of the narative. An examination of the shield of Achiles in Homer’s Iliad reveals many ideas in conflict: love and honor, the pleasures of life versus a heroic death, free wil and destiny. By viewing the shield as an element of contradistinction—that is to define it on the basis of contrast—one can se that the shield symbolicaly unifies the†¦show more content†¦The shield of Nestor can be viewed as representing the importance of familial bonds and cooperation betwen generations and embodies this role which Nestor plays for the Achaians (Atchity 148-49): â€Å"So he [Nestor] spoke, and took up the wrought shield of his son / Thrasymedes, breaker of horses. It lay in the shelter / al shining in bronze. Thrasymedes caried the shield of his father† (book 14, lines 9–11). Nestor is the oldest and one of the wisest of the Greeks fighting in Troy. Although his physical strength has waned in his old age, he stil embodies the spirit and bravery of a great warior. He inspires the younger generation to go courageously into batle. The younger wariors honor and respect Nestor. This cooperation betwen generations is exemplified by father and son exchanging armor as they take on the enemy. Odyseus and Telemachos provide another example of father and son arming together as they prepare to fight the suitors in The Odysey. Atchity points out that the shield of brave Aias â€Å"is make by the best of al mortal artisans. The artifact perfectly identifies Aias. His solid mortality is contrasted with the semidivinity of Achiles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (155). As Aias wilingly and confidently goes head to head with Hektor, he is armed with a fine shield created by a gifted mortal craftsman. By contrast, Achiles, son of the goddes Thetis, is given armor forged by Hephaistos, the god of fire. With such godly armor Achiles is able to triumph overShow MoreRelatedHomers The Iliad1027 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor, and story teller. Homer has always made stories feel so real, and one of homers best stories â€Å"The Iliad† has always been always been told because of it love aspect, its fighting as well as the involvement of the gods. As with all great stories there must always be some sort of love between characters so the character would take some risk to protect the beloved. In â€Å"The Iliad† there is much love in the air that hector is willing to kill himself to protect his beloved city from the GreeksRead MoreThe Timeless Truths of Homers Iliad1784 Words   |  8 PagesJames Hutchinson Ms. Spicer AP Literature 20 August 2010 Homers Timeless Truths Is Homers The Iliad relevant to todays society? Is this work a timeless parable depicting universal human truths transcending time and context or merely a superbly-crafted epic poem to be studied and admired for its stylistic brilliance? Has the text endured simply because of Homers dramatic verse or because of the timeless human truths it conveys? Was it written to persuade readers to question the moral implicationsRead MoreEssay Femininity in Homer’s Iliad1882 Words   |  8 PagesFemininity in Homer’s Iliad In Homer’s Iliad, predominant feminine presence inspires the events of the poem and the destinies of the men involved. This feminine presence is not a product of the actions and decisions of the women in the poem, but rather a conceptual, creative feminine force without which the poem and even human life would not exist. Homer personifies this presence in nature and maintains it through the voice of the Muse, his inspiration. There is a deeper essence of a feminineRead More The Character Achilles in Homers The Iliad993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character Achilles in Homers The Iliad The first book of The Iliad, appropriately titled the Rage of Achilles, sets the scene for the remainder of the epic (selu.edu/Academics/Depts/WritingCenter/The_Growth_of_Achilles.htm). This rage is invoked by pride, a theme of pivotal importance for the Greeks. Pride is the source of the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon in Book 1. The incident that provoked Achilles rage took place in the tenth and final year of the Achaean attack on TroyRead MorePatrilineal Heritage In Homers Iliad1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe narrator of Homer’s Iliad is obsessed with patrilineal heritage. It is embedded in the very DNA of the epic, embodied in epithets concerning the connection between fathers and sons and even influencing the very cultural values around which the epic centers. Through the patrilineal structure of ancestry, the reader gains insight regarding the evolution of generations (or lack thereof) that has led to the institution of certain cultural customs. One such moment i s Glaukos’ conversation with DiomedesRead MoreSimiles in Homers Iliad Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pages An Examination of Similes in the Iliad - and how Homers Use of Them Affected the Story In the Iliad, Homer finds a great tool in the simile. Just by opening the book in a random place the reader is undoubtedly faced with one, or within a few pages. Homer seems to use everyday activities, at least for the audience, his fellow Greeks, in these similes nearly exclusively. When one is confronted with a situation that is familiar, one is more likely to put aside contemplating the topic and simplyRead More The Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe Paradox of Heroism in Homer’s Iliad The Iliad presents a full range of valorous warriors: the Achaians Diomedes, Odysseus, and the Aiantes; the Trojans Sarpedon, Aeneas, and Glaukos. These and many others are Homer’s models of virtue in arms. Excelling all of them, however, are the epic’s two central characters, Achilleus, the son of Peleus and, Hector, the son of Priam. In these two, one finds the physical strength, intense determination, and strenuous drive that give them first placeRead More The Role of the Gods in Homers The Iliad Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of the Gods in Homers The Iliad We everlasting gods....Ah what chilling blows we suffer-thanks to our own conflicting wills-whenever we show these mortal men some kindness. This exert clearly states what kind of authority Homer has bestowed on his Gods. John Porter said, their constant interference in the lives of the mortals, which seems to cast them in the role of malicious puppeteers, while reducing Homers heroes to mere pawns in a selfish and often rather petty divine gameRead More The Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women in Homer’s Iliad Homer’s Iliad is undoubtedly focused on its male characters: Achilles, primarily, but also Hector and Agamemnon. Nevertheless, it seems that the most crucial characters in the epic are female. Homer uses the characters of Thetis, Andromache, and Helen as a basis for comparison to the male characters. Homer wants his audience to see and understand the folly of his male characters in choosing war over peace, aggression over kindness, and honor over family. WhileRead More The Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gods in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey The stories told in the Iliad and Odyssey are based on stories handed down over several generations, for they preserve (as we have seen) memories of an already quiet far distant past. The two pomes show clear connection in their language and style, in the manner in which their incidents presented, and in the combination of agreement with level, which distinguish their creation. The work was written by one author but gave two diverse views on the

The Negative Effects of Steriods - 799 Words

Steroids Many people use steroids from athletes and body builders to just every day ordinary people trying to gain muscle. These users think they get a really big gain on other people, but do they really? Are all these steroids risky to take? Can you die or be in danger of being sick or seriously injured? Many of these users may use large doses to get ahead of others by gaining more muscle quicker. Overall has the overuse of these substances been the problem all along for the users? Steroids are known to have many negative effects on the body. The body has over 50 major hormones. One hormone group is anabolic steroids effect muscle growth and a male or females characteristics; this hormone is produced naturally; the hormones in the body helps the body gain protein. (1c: SV; SV; SV.) One of the major hormones in a male also is found in females is called testosterone. Testosterone causes maturing in the males reproductive system in puberty the male user grows more body hair, deeper voice, muscle growth and could make a user more aggressive. Steroids improve endurance, strength, muscle mass, but it hasn’t shown that it improves skill, agility, or athletic performance. Athletes take steroids for the testosterone effects. Steroids that you could find at a food store or gyms are now illegal and now require a prescription to have. Schmuck 2 Athletes are taking these steroids for a positive look on their body and how they play not taking any negative effects in considerationShow MoreRelatedSelf Esteem And Body Image Problems1491 Words   |  6 Pageshormone produced by your body is testosterone. Testosterone has two main effects on your body: Anabolic effects promote muscle building. Androgenic effects are responsible for male traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice. TEENAGE STERIOD USE ON THE RISE 8 Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle tissue to grow and bulk up in response to training by mimicking the effect of naturally produced testosterone on the body. Steroids have becomeRead MoreShould Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Legal in Sports? 551 Words   |  2 Pagesto increse the bodys ability to utlize protein, it allows athlete to train harder and anabolic steroids are anti-inflammatories and have a effect on repairing injuries. Its not wrong to cheat, if you are cheating for a good reason. Many athelete take steroids in order to do better in the field. In the article What you really need to know about anabolic steriods states that, Anabolic steroids allows athelete to train harder. Many people get tired after training for few hours but taking sterioidsRead MoreTaking a Look at Endometriosis733 Words   |  3 Pages Endometriosis is a common disease that effects more than five million women in the United States per year. Any woman within childbearing age is at risk for this disease, but it is more common in women in their 30s and 40s. There are a number of theories that suggest the cause of the disease, but none of the theories have been proven. With no certainty on what causes the disease, there is also no cure for it however the symptoms of the disease can be treated.[1] Endometriosis derives it name fromRead MoreAU PSY350 M5 A1 Rodriguez A Essay2073 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ LASA 2: Effects of Stress Angie Rodriguez Physiological Psychology | PSY350 A03 Faculty:   Courtney  McKinney November 3, 2014 Abstract As stress we all know is a normal physical response to events that give us the feeling of threatned or a unbalance in the mind. Whether, it is danger we fear or if it is real living events the way the body reacts to stress it automatically high gears in a fast, way that it process what we recall as â€Å"fight-or-fight† the way reaction is towards stressRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned in Professional Sports2737 Words   |  11 Pages(Tolliver par. 15). The NCAA banned the use of steroids as far back as 1973. Since the NCAA began testing in 1986, the percentage of users has dropped significantly (Adams 24). Taking steroids or performance enhancing drugs, does not only have a negative affect on the body, but they also is terrible for an athletes reputation, when they get caught (â€Å"Steroids† par. 2). Many people find that the use of any substance to make athletes perform better, and look better than everybody else, is a bad lookRead MoreThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus Episdermidis7962 Words   |  32 PagesThe Antibacterial Effect of Papaya (Carica) Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School Martin P. Posadas Avenue, San Carlos City, Pangasinan Researcher S.Y. 2010-2011 The Antibacterial Effect of Papaya (Carica) Leaves Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis A thesis Presented to the Faculty and staff of the Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High School M.P. Posadas Ave., San Carlos City

The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland Free Essays

Lecturer: Aisling O’Gorman Waste Process Management Lecturer: Aisling O’Gorman Waste Process Management 08 Fall 08 Fall Submission Date: 11/10/2012 Word Count: 2387 Submission Date: 11/10/2012 Word Count: 2387 The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland: Maria McShane The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland: Maria McShane Introduction Based on the evaluation of various reports, papers, documents, regulations and legislation from numerous agencies, departments, directives and bodies it can be seen that although â€Å"on paper† major changes have been made so as to improve the quality of water in Ireland, realistically the amendments do not match up. This being that progress has been slow and minimal when compared to the reform of regulations and legislation and the introduction of the Water Framework Directive. Considering the key importance of water as a natural resource both to society and habitats alike it will be argued that although the intention is there to improve the quality of water in Ireland (and there have been some improvements) as an overall, actual major physical improvements to the water quality has yet to be seen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland or any similar topic only for you Order Now Report Firstly the Water Framework Directive will be examined to highlight its purpose, current status and goals for the future and how it fits into impacting Irelands water quality. The WFD was set up by the EU â€Å"in response to the increasing threat of pollution and the increasing demand from the public for cleaner rivers, lakes and beaches† (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. tml[Accessed on 08/10/12]). According to the Water Framework Directives’ website, their aims are to â€Å"protect/enhance all waters (surface, ground and coastal waters), achieve â€Å"good status† for all waters by December 2015, manage water bodies based on river basins (or catchments), involve the public and streamline legislation†1 (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12]). In order to achieve these goals a timetable for implementation of the directive was created, starting from its transposition into Irish Legislation by the European Communities (Water Policy) Regulations 2003, (Statutory Instrument 722) on 22nd December 2003 (European Communities (Water Policy) Regulations 2003, (Statutory Instrument 722). (The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12]). From the 22nd December 2003 to the 22nd June 2009 no Programmes of Measures were actually implemented in order to beneficially impact Irelands water quality by the WFD. Instead the WFD established (June 2004) and characterised (December 2004) Irelands River Basin Districts, submitted a National Summary Report on the characterisation of the RBDs to the European Commission (March 2005), developed classification systems for surface water and groundwater (June 2006), established and maintained appropriate Monitoring Programmes (June 2006), prepared and published a work programme and timetable for the production of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) (June 2006), identified the significant water management issues in each river basin (June 2007), drafted RBMPs and allowed six months for written comment (June 2008), and finally established environmental objectives and final Programmes of Measures and developed RBMPs for implementation (June 2009), (Water Framework Directive, [2005]). Although this research and reporting is a vital function of improving Irelands water quality, the timeframe in which this has been done means that physical progress has been h indered. The actual recovery progress made to Irelands water quality can be seen in various Environmental Protection Agency reports. According to the EPA’s Water Quality in Ireland Report of 2007-2009, between 1987 and 1990, 77. 3, 12. 0, 9. 7 and 0. % surveyed river channel length were unpolluted, slightly polluted, moderately polluted and seriously polluted respectively. By the 2001-2003 report the percentage of unpolluted rivers had dropped from 77. 3% to 69. 3% which is significant, in addition to this the percentage surveyed of seriously polluted rivers had risen from 0. 4% to 0. 6%, slight and moderate pollution had also risen by 5. 9 and 2. 6 percent respectively. By the 2007-2009 report the percentage of surveyed river that remained unpolluted had dropped again to 68. 9%, slight pollution had also risen to 20. 7%. Fortunately moderate and seriously polluted waters had seen a drop from 12. 3 and 0. 6 to 10. 0 and 0. 4 percent respectively (M. McGarrigle et al. [2009). Considering that the water quality of rivers for the 2001-2003 recording period was healthier than the 2007-2009 recording period, even though the 2001-2003 period coincides with the implementation of the WFD, highlights that for a period of six years that the WFD was in effect Irelands river water quality declined. This corroborates to the argument that yes the WFD has carried out reports, monitoring programs and drafted plans all well and good, but without any actual meaningful actions taken, what good is the WFD at all? This is not to say that the WFD has not done anything positive, for example since its introduction â€Å"the percentage of channel surveyed classified as seriously polluted has decreased to 0. 4 percent compared with the previous period when 0. 5 percent was seriously polluted† (M. McGarrigle et al. [2009]). It cannot be stressed enough that in order to improve the quality of water in Ireland research and reporting is fundamental, however the point being made is that pencil pushing and fiddling around writing reports and documents will not recuperate Irelands water systems. Six years is a very long timeframe for an EU commissioned directive to take no feasible action other than talk about and plan what it’s going to do and then expect to reach its target of returning all waters to â€Å"good status† by December 2015. To emphasise the case that without acting and merely focusing on the bureaucratic side of things the WFD has impeded its own progress, citing’s from the South Western River Basin Management Plan (2009-2015) report will be looked at. It states, â€Å"municipal wastewater discharge is one of the two most important sources of pollution in Irish rivers, accounting for 38% of the number of polluted river sites recorded (the other source being agricultural activities)† (South Western River Basin District [2010]). This is not new news, this has been known for quite some time and â€Å"the two top sectors responsible for the pollution of Irish rivers are municipal and agriculture† has even been quoted in the 1991-1993 EPA water quality in Ireland report. To add to this the Nitrates Directive was set up in 1991 for the â€Å"protection of waters against pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. nviron. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). This directive actually implemented legislation that â€Å"required the avoidance of practices by farmers which create a risk of causing pollution to water courses and provide for inspections by local authorities. They also provided for strengthened enforcement provisions and for better farmyard management. They included provisions relating to times of the year, weather and soil conditions when the application of fertilisers is permitted, the minimum setback distances from water sources for the application of fertilisers and minimum storage capacity for manures†. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). Why then is the SWRBD reporting that agriculture is the second biggest cause of pollution to Irish rivers, number one when this has long been known and number two when measures have already been put in place a long time ago to address this problem? To add to this they also quoted â€Å"The main objective i n relation to wastewater is to meet the requirements of the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations (2001-2010) in full† (South Western River Basin District [2010]). Not to be crude, but are they for real? This is common sense, these regulations have been in place since 2001, and yes they would have been modified over the years but how in 2010 when this report came out can meeting these regulations still be just an objective? To highlight further the WFDs failure to have a significant positive impact on the quality of Irish water a recent EPA report on the assessment of aquatic ecosystem responses to POM’s intended to improve water quality in Ireland was released. According to this report, â€Å"results presented suggest that many existing POMs have proven or are proving ineffective in raising BWQ (biological water quality) and restoring ecological functioning† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). An example of this can be seen in the â€Å"strategic replacement of 10% of septic tank systems in part of the Blackwater catchment in CO. Armagh† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). The report showed that overall, prior and subsequent to the replacement of the septic tank systems phosphorous loads remained largely the same. In conjunction with this result, â€Å"in other parts of the Blackwater, the replacement and upgrading of septic tank systems had no significant phosphorous concentration effects, despite the implementation of additional POMs aimed at reducing phosphorous inputs from point and diffuse sources† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). The report goes on to say that some of the â€Å"potential reasons why the implementation of POMs have had limited success include the delayed, incomplete or uneven application of measures† (D. Taylor et al. [2012]). This only solidifies the argument that the WFD spent too much time thinking about what to do, and then what measures they did put in place, for the most part either took too long to do so or did not implement the measure properly in order to meet their 2015 deadline. Which follows now onto a report that was released in July 2010 on behalf of the WFD entitled â€Å"Final River Basin Management Plans Background Documentation, Alternative Objectives: Approach to Extended Deadlines†, its main purpose, to focus on certain cases that require an extension past the 2015 deadline (kind of defeats the purpose of the WFD if they are admitting defeat five years before the deadline). Under section 4. 0 ‘Agriculture’ of this report, one of the cases for exclusion is nitrate losses from agriculture to groundwaters. The reason for this, â€Å"Scientific data indicates status recovery extends beyond 2015. â€Å"Recovery of elevated nitrate levels in groundwater bodies is expecte d to take place in approximately 20 years even with full implementation of the Good Agricultural Practice regulations (Fenton et al, in press). So yes, while it is known that the natural recovery of a water system takes substantial time, with technology today could the WFD not invest in developing nitrate removal techniques such as, layered double hydroxides which â€Å"are of interest because of the potential to use LDHs to remove agrochemicals from polluted water, reducing the likelihood of eutrophication† (Wikipedia. org, Layered Double Hydroxins. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Layered_double_hydroxides [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). Another case looked at in this report is wastewater discharges from some treatment plants. The reason for the exemption, a technical/practical constraint, it states â€Å"The time required to plan and design upgrades to treatment plants and to achieve approvals and licensing means it is not technically possible to achieve good status in 2015,† the action applied is to leave â€Å"Local Authorities to upgrade plants through the Water Services Investment Programme† meaning that funding is one of the reasons that there will be a delay in the overhaul of wastewater treatment plants in Ireland. Unsurprisingly, according to the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government website â€Å"with the changed economic climate and the finalisation of the first cycle of River Basin Management Plans, the new programme aims to prioritise projects that target environmental compliance issues† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, Water Services Investment Programme. online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/ WaterServices/WaterServicesInvestmentProgramme/ [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). This here shown lack of initiative by the Government and the WFD by not investing in technology that can help recover Irish waters allows the development of this last argument. In a very recent position paper entitled â€Å"Reform of the Water Sector in Ireland† carried out by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government it was highlighted that â€Å"water services cost over â‚ ¬1. 2 billion to run in 2010, of which operational costs amounted to some â‚ ¬715 million, with capital expenditure of over â‚ ¬500 million†. The paper goes on to tell of the impending establishment of the state company ‘Irish Water’ â€Å"that will take over the water investment and maintenance programmes of the 34 county and city councils with the key aim of supervising and accelerating the pace of delivery of planned investments needed to upgrade the State’s water and sewerage networks† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). This state company intends on funding its investments and programmes via water charges paid for by Irish householders. Despite the fact that Ireland is in a recession and its people are struggling as it is financially, the fact remains that Ireland is the only country in the OECD that does not pay for its water use (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). It states, â€Å"Our capacity to fund the future capital investment requirements from the exchequer is severally constrained. The Government’s plan for Infrastructure and Capital Investment 2012-16 shows a decline in exchequer capital investment in water and waste water services from â‚ ¬435 million in 2011 to â‚ ¬371 million in 2012 and a further decline to â‚ ¬296 million by 2014† (Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012]). This is one of the reasons why Irish Water is a good idea as it will actually fund the necessary wastewater treatment plant changes that need to be done in order to tackle some of Irelands water pollution issues while also effectively reducing the amount of treated potable water wasted everyday by Irish households. So to sum up, yes, introducing the WFD has had a positive impact as it has lead to developments in implementations that will help to recover the quality of Irelands waters, however the main argument being made in this paper is that they failed on several points. Firstly they spent too much time on the bureaucratic side of things, six years to be exact figuring out what the problems were and where, when a lot of them were obvious, had been known about and reported on several years previously and many had already been addressed. Secondly, a lot of POMs that were implemented were done so either to late or not properly, meaning that a lot of them have not lead to any significant positive changes. Finally where the WFD failed was a lack of investment into developing technologies that might help accelerate the return of Irish waters to their natural state, and a huge time lag into implementing water charges so as to invest into Irelands infrastructure regarding wastewater treatment. Overall time here is what has been wasted, as for every day that no action is taken is another day when Irelands water and habitats suffer. Nature does not and can not wait for the pencil pushers. References 1. The Eu Water Framework Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. wfdireland. ie/wfd. html[Accessed on 08/10/12] 2. Water Framework Directive, [2005]. The Characterisation and Analysis of Ireland’s River Basin Districts, National Summary Report. Ireland 3. Environmental Protection Agency, M. McGarrigle et al. [2009]. Water Quality in Ireland. Ireland 4. South Western River Basin District, [2010] South Western River Basin Management Plan. Ireland 5. Environmental Protection Agency, [1993] Water Quality in Ireland. Ireland 6. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, The Nitrates Directive. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterQuality/NitratesDirective/ [Accessed on 08/10/12]). 7. Environmental Protection Agency, D. Taylor et al. [2012] Water Quality and the Aquatic Environment STRIVE Report 91. Ireland 8. Lag Time: A Methodology For The Estimation Of Vertical, Horizontal Travel Flushing Timescales To Nitrate Threshold Concentrations In Irish Aquifers Fenton et al under review 9. Wikipedia. org, Layered Double Hydroxins. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Layered_double_hydroxides [Accessed on 08/10/2012]. 10. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, Water Services Investment Programme. [online] Available at: http://www. environ. ie/en/Environment/Water/WaterServices/WaterServicesInvestmentProgramme/ [Accessed on 08/10/2012]). 11. Department of Environment, Community and Local Government, [2012] Reform of the Water Sector in Ireland. Ireland How to cite The Impact of the Current Regulatory Framework on Water Quality in Ireland, Papers